研究背景與目的︰
過去研究指出藥物依賴疾患與反社會性格疾患共病比例高；而兩疾病共病的可能機制之假設有三︰兩疾病互為因果、兩疾病源於相同病因、共病是另一獨立的疾病。為驗證此三種假設，須取樣單純藥物依賴疾患、單純反社會性格疾患、兩者共病者，以及兩疾病都無的正常健康民眾，並針對四組加以比較其可能機制。由於過去研究指出藥物依賴疾患與反社會性格疾患均與性格有關；因此，本研究比較四組在五大性格向度與華人七大性格向度上的差異，以探討上述三種假說。
研究方法︰
本研究由台南監獄取樣男性受刑人，並根據DSM-IV診斷準則分組：單純反社會性格疾患組22人（簡稱為反社會組），單純藥物依賴疾患組26人（簡稱為純藥組），及反社會性格疾患合併藥物依賴組（簡稱為共病組）23人；另由社區招募無犯罪史、反社會性格疾患及藥物濫用與依賴疾患的控制組33人。再由每位受試者自填「NEO-FFI中文版」與「華人基本性格量表」以測量受試者的五大性格向度與華人七大性格向度。
研究結果:
在五大性格向度方面：(1)共病組在嚴謹性與親和性顯著低於控制組，但神經質則顯著高於控制組；(2)反社會組的嚴謹性與親和性顯著低於控制組，而神經質顯著高於控制組；(3)純藥組與控制組在五大性格向度上均未呈現顯著差異；(4)共病組在嚴謹性與親和性顯著低於純藥組，但神經質則顯著高於純藥組；(5)反社會組在嚴謹性與親和性顯著低於純藥組，但開放性則顯著高於純藥組；(6)反社會組在開放性則顯著高於共病組。
在華人七大性格方面：(1)共病組較控制組顯出低「勤儉恆毅」、低「溫順隨和」、低「誠信可靠」、高「豪邁直爽」、高「悲觀善感」﹔(2)反社會組則比控制組顯出高「豪邁直爽」﹔(3)純藥組與控制組在華人七大向度上均未達顯著差異﹔(4)共病組在「溫順隨和」上顯著低於純藥組﹔(5)反社會組與純藥組在華人七大向度上均未達顯著差異；(6)反社會組與共病組在華人七大向度上均未達顯著差異。
華人七大性格向度的區辨函數分析顯示只一個區辨函數達顯著水準，其中區辨力較強的向度為「豪邁直爽」、「勤儉恆毅」及「外向活躍」，而該區辨函數僅能區分出具有與不具有反社會性格疾患的受試者。
五大性格向度的區辨函數分析顯示有兩區辨函數達顯著水準。「親和性」與「嚴謹性」是區辨函數一最具區辨力的向度；「神經質」與「開放性」是區辨函數二最具區辨力的向度。區辨函數一能區分受試者具有反社會性格疾患與否；區辨函數二能區分出受試者具有藥物依賴疾患與否。
結論：
以五大性格向度的低「開放性」與高「神經質」可區分出受試者是否具有藥物依賴疾患；而低「嚴謹性」與低「親和性」可區分受試者是否具有反社會性格疾患。顯示反社會性格疾患與藥物依賴疾患可能具有不同機制。

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