隨著全球淡水需求上升與水資源匱乏，海水淡化技術成為重要的永續解方，結合再生能源的太陽能界面蒸發海水淡化系統逐漸受到重視。該技術具有低能耗與環境友善特性，但仍面臨蒸發效率不足、熱損失、鹽分積累與生物污染等挑戰。研究指出，除光能吸收外，蒸發器的結構設計與能量管理對提升性能至關重要。近年來，氣凝膠因其高孔隙率、優異熱絕緣與低密度特性展現潛力，然而，產水速率偏低與機械穩定性仍需改善，須進一步優化材料與系統整合。碳化矽具備優異的熱穩定性與化學惰性，已廣泛應用於海水淡化中的過濾器與多孔膜，然而其傳統製程需高達1000~2000 °C的熱處理，高能耗與製程複雜度限制其應用拓展。
本研究選用具高比表面積的粉體碳化矽，直接合成粉體結構氣凝膠作為多孔基質及濾材。透過調控製程參數與添加劑比例，並採用600°C的低溫熱處理，優化其機械穩定性與蒸發性能，控制孔隙率與微觀結構形貌，可實現高孔隙率、低表面熱傳導係數，具備富含中孔與巨孔的多孔粉體氣凝膠結構，有助於界面蒸發與降低熱傳導耗損。進一步透過簡易塗佈技術優化氣凝膠表面功能，探討不同塗層對界面蒸發效率的影響。結果顯示，塗覆特定光熱材料後能有效提升蒸發速率與光學轉換效率，其中Ti3C2Tx塗層的SiC氣凝膠蒸發速率可達1.909 kg/m2hr，1699.41kJ/kg的等效蒸發焓，光學轉換效率91.17%。亦透過中間水與自由水比值以及熱傳導係數討論結構與材料組合對蒸發效率及光熱轉換效率的關聯。應用於海水脫鹽測試中，純化水的主要陽離子降低達三個數量級，平均鹽類過濾率達到99.65%。

This study employed high-specific-surface-area silicon carbide (SiC) powder to directly synthesize a powder-based aerogel as a porous matrix and filtration medium. By tuning fabrication parameters and additive ratios, and applying a low-temperature heat treatment at 600 °C, the mechanical stability and evaporation performance were optimized. The resulting structure exhibited high porosity, low surface thermal conductivity, and a porous framework enriched with mesopores and macropores, facilitating interfacial evaporation and minimizing conductive heat loss. Furthermore, surface functionality was enhanced through a simple coating technique, enabling a systematic investigation of different coatings on interfacial evaporation efficiency. The results demonstrated that applying specific photothermal materials significantly improved the evaporation rate and optical conversion efficiency. The ratio of intermediate water to free water and thermal conductivity were also analyzed to elucidate the relationship between structural design and performance. When applied to seawater desalination, the material exhibited excellent salt rejection capability, achieving high desalination efficiency and producing purified water that meets quality standards.

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