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研究生: 徐碩
Hsu, Shuo
論文名稱: 四軸飛行器葉片之田口方法最佳化設計
Optimal Design of Quadcopter Airfoil by Utilizing Taguchi Method
指導教授: 黃才烱
Huang, Tsai-Jeon
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 88
中文關鍵詞: 四軸飛行器螺旋槳翼型設計最佳化飛行效率
外文關鍵詞: Quadcopter, Propeller Airfoil Design, Optimization, Flight Efficiency
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  • 四軸飛行器乃為近年蓬勃發展的一項熱門科技,除了最為人所熟知的高空攝影外,在高空巡檢、救災救難和軍事偵察上也頗具有發展潛力。其輕巧、高機動性和高性價比 的 特性更是成為各研究單 位及模型玩家的新玩物。
    但在如此備受關注的同時,卻也隱藏著載重能力不足以及續航力較短等問題。若能針對這些問題進行改善 ,想必四軸飛行器便能在各領域中遍地開花,使其能夠得到更充分的利用,讓未來人們的生活品質得到更進一步的改善。
    本研究以分度板與滑槽等特徵設計出一套葉片升力 量測機構,並藉由更換葉片測試樣本及其俯仰角分別進行效率及載重測試。葉片測試樣本的部分將針對 NACA四位數翼型的三項重要參數進行分析。上述的三項參數包含第一碼所代表的最大彎度值、第二碼所代表的最大彎度所在位置以及第三四碼所代表的最大厚度。效率測試主 要將量測各葉片樣本在固定升力下之電功率倒數 。載重測試則是作為效率測試之驗證實驗並量測出更多面向的數據,主要將量測等電功率供應下各葉片測試樣本之升力。最後將透過田口方法對其進行分析,找到各項重要參數的最佳解,進而求得最佳化之葉片樣本號數及其最佳俯仰角。 另外,本研究亦針對本次之分析結果建立一套整合設計之GUI應用程式以協助未來的四軸飛行器開發人員進行更快速、更精準的改良。
    本研究以實驗分析方法在 NACA翼形中取得最佳 的效率參數,並建立一套 整合設計程式系統,可提供未來設計人員進行螺旋槳開發 ,進而得到提升整體研發量能之效果 。

    Quadcopter is a popular technology that has developed vigorously in recent years. In addition to the most well-known of high-altitude photography, it also has great potential for development in high-altitude inspection, disaster relief and military reconnaissance. Its light weight, high mobility and high cost performance ratio have become a new plaything among research centers and players. But at the same time of so much attention, there are also several problems such as insufficient load capacity and short endurance. If these problems can be optimized, quadcopters will be able to apply everywhere in various fields, so that they can be more fully utilized, and the quality of life of people will be further improved in the future.
    In this study, a set of measurement mechanism is designed with features including degree board and chute. Efficiency and load experiments are carried out by replacing the Blade Samples and its pitch angle respectively. There are three important parameters of the NACA 4-digit airfoils, then Blade Samples will be analyzed by following these parameters. These three parameters include the maximum camber value represented by the first number, the position of the maximum camber represented by the second number, and the maximum thickness represented by the third and fourth numbers. The efficiency experiment mainly measures the electric power of each Blade Sample under fixed lift. The load experiment is used as a verification of the efficiency experiment and measures more oriented data. It mainly measures the lift force of each Blade Sample under equal electric power. Finally, it will be analyzed by Taguchi method to find the optimal solution of various important parameters, and then the optimized Blade Sample number and optimal pitch angle will be obtained. In addition, this study also established a set of integrated GUI applications based on the optimized results of this analysis to assist future quadcopter developers to make faster and more accurate improvements.
    This research uses experimental analysis methods to obtain the best efficiency parameters in the NACA airfoils, and establishes an integrated application, which can provide future designers to develop optimized propeller, thereby improving the overall efficiency of development.

    摘要I 致謝X 目錄XI 表目錄XIV 圖目錄XV 符號說明XVIII 第一章 緒論1 1.1前言1 1.2文獻回顧3 1.3論文架構12 第二章 研究背景14 2.1 四軸飛行器內部零件14 2.2升力原理15 2.3飛行原理15 2.4 NACA翼型簡介18 2.4.1翼型基本名詞介紹18 2.4.2 NACA翼型幾何定位20 2.4.3 NACA四位數翼型21 2.5馬達工作原理22 2.5.1直流馬達工作原理22 2.5.2直流馬達特性參數23 2.6 Python簡介24 2.6.1 Python 開發環境24 2.6.2 GUI開發套件24 2.6.3 執行檔封包26 第三章 研究方法27 3.1 實驗設計27 3.1.1田口參數配置27 3.1.2田口直交表配置27 3.2 機構設計29 3.2.1 葉片測試樣本建模過程30 3.2.2分度板設計33 3.2.3角度引導桿34 3.2.4 馬達傳動桿35 3.3 機構製造與裝配36 3.3.1 3D列印簡介36 3.3.2葉片測試樣本及其他零件製造37 3.3.3整體裝配38 3.4 電子設備與量測設備40 3.4.1電源供應器40 3.4.2直流馬達40 3.4.3升力量測設備41 3.4.4轉速量測設備42 第四章 實驗結果43 4.1 實驗基礎假設及器材驗證43 4.1.1 實驗基礎假設43 4.1.2 實驗器材驗證43 4.2 實驗設計45 4.2.1 升力量測45 4.2.2 效率測試實驗46 4.2.3載重測試實驗46 4.2.4馬達轉速驗證實驗46 4.3 實驗環境設置47 4.4 實驗數值48 4.4.1 效率測試實驗48 4.4.2載重測試實驗50 4.4.3馬達轉速驗證實驗51 4.5 效應分析52 4.5.1 SN比52 4.5.2 因子效應分析52 4.5.3 反應圖表53 4.5.4改善程度分析57 4.5.5 ANOVA分析58 4.6 結果彙整61 4.7程式平台設計62 4.7.1 整合設計運算程式設計63 4.7.2 GUI設計63 4.7.3執行檔匯出65 第五章 結論與建議66 5.1 結論66 5.2 未來發展與建議67 參考文獻68 附錄A(翼型整合設計應用程式)71 附錄B(NACA四位數翼型2D-CAD生成平台)80 附錄C電子秤驗證88

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