知識經濟時代，科學園區因其在提供有利於區域發展之高科技創新方面的潛力而得到學術界與政府的關注，我國於1980年正式成立新竹科學園區，除了帶動我國高科技產業發展，也成為我國經濟奇蹟的重要指標。
隨著仰賴知識、創新的科技產業受到政府與社會高度重視，科技人才的重要性不言而喻，因此，在科學園區發展過程中，如何吸引並留住人才成為重要的發展課題。近年來有學者指出，過去研究著重於討論園區內部因素，忽略了園區外部環境特徵對於人才吸引之影響，其中都市地區被認為能為功能較為單一的園區提供便利的環境以及多元化的生活模式，進而吸引知識人才流動，因人才不僅考慮工作機會的提供，更是會考量環境品質與生活方式。
爰此，本研究以周邊都市環境與科學園區人才吸引、駐留之關聯性為主題，並以新竹、南部科學園區既周邊地區為研究範圍，首先統整各項對於人才吸引及保留具有潛在影響之都市環境因素，針對各項因素，敘述性分析目前竹科、南科發展下周邊都市環境品質之優勢與劣勢。接著，透過問卷調查法，實際了解園區科技人才在選擇工作地點時所重視之都市環境因素，並了解其滿意程度與持續駐留意願，進一步透過差異性分析了解不同背景屬性之科技人才的重視差異，並使用二元羅吉斯迴歸分析，探討環境因素滿意度對駐留意願之影響。
研究成果顯示，竹科在居住、生活成本與大眾運輸方面表現不佳，但在氣候舒適度、安全性、包容性上具有優勢；而大眾運輸與居住成本在南科同樣為劣勢條件，但交通可及性、氣候舒適度、安全性與包容性為優勢條件。在科技人才駐留意願方面，都市環境因素中的餐飲、夜間活動設施、居住成本、醫療保健與交通可及性，以及人才之年齡層與部分職位對於駐留意願具有顯著影響。本研究認為，科學園區之規劃應盡可能最大化獲取相關服務之便利程度，其中也包含園區與核心都市之空間鄰近性及交通可及性，以提升園區吸引力，而在成本方面，管理方或廠商應提供相關居住配套措施以降低衝擊。

In the knowledge economy, science parks have gained attention for their potential to drive regional high-tech innovation. Taiwan established the Hsinchu Science Park in 1980, which has been key to the growth of the country's high-tech industries and economic success.
As technology industries become increasingly important, so does the attraction and retention of skilled talent. Scholars have noted that while previous research focused on internal factors within science parks, the role of external urban environments in attracting talent has been overlooked. Urban areas can offer diverse lifestyles and convenient environments, which are attractive to knowledge-based professionals who consider not only job opportunities but also living quality.
This study examines the relationship between the urban environment and talent attraction/retention in the Hsinchu and Southern Taiwan Science Parks. It identifies urban factors that influence talent retention and uses surveys to assess the importance of these factors to tech workers, their satisfaction levels, and their willingness to stay. The study finds that while Hsinchu struggles with high living costs and poor public transport, it benefits from good climate comfort, safety and cultural inclusiveness. Southern Taiwan faces similar challenges but excels in accessibility, safety and climate comfort. Key factors influencing retention include amenities, housing costs, healthcare, and demographic attributes like age and position.
The study suggests that science parks should be planned to maximize access to urban services and proximity to central city to enhance their appeal. Additionally, offering housing support could help mitigate high living costs.

中文文獻
孔憲法、蕭勝雄、閻永祺、陳秉立(2019). 科學園區發展經驗創新轉化與基礎設施智慧化之研究. 工程, 92卷, 65-83.
王蔚真(2016)。 影響南科工作者居住於南科與否之決定性因素〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)。
朱文一， 孫. (2018). 布魯斯·卡茲“城市創新區”理論的解讀及其對北京的啟示. 城市設計， 1（NO.015）， 22-33. http://urbandesign.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/abstract/article_152288.shtml
余明哲(2020)。科學園區發展歷程影響周邊不同地區房價成長差異性之研究-以台南科學園區為例〔未出版之碩士論文〕。南臺科技大學企業管理系研究所。
李炫逸(2007)。臺北市內湖科技園區發展對都市結構變遷之影響。中國文化大學地學研究所。
吳振發, & 林裕彬. (2006). 汐止市土地利用時空間變遷模式 [Spatiotemporal Trends and Model in Land-use Patterns in Hsichih City]. 都市與計劃, 33(3), 231-259. https://doi.org/10.6128/cp.33.3.231
沈道剛(2002)。科學園區員工住宅需求及通勤行為之研究-以新竹科學園區為例〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立東華大學環境政策研究所。
周素卿(1998)。科學園區的另一種發展版本：台南科學園區。台灣社會研究季刊，32，125-163。https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199812.0004
屈恩璽、陳逸歆、蔡頤瀞、張家彰(2023)。邁向未來-下世代科學園區發展趨勢。中興工程，160，23-36.https://doi.org/ 10.30154/SE
林建亨(2008)。南科對房地產價格之影響-特徵價格法之應用〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立成功大學都市計劃學系。
柳雯馨, 胡太山, & 潘思錡. (2021). 迎向創新時代：科學園區的蛻變 [Facing the Age of Innovation: The Transformation of Science Parks]. 臺灣土地研究, 24(2), 139-169. https://doi.org/10.6677/jtlr.202111_24(2).0002
胡太山、解鴻年、王俊堯(2002)。新竹科學園區周邊地區社經發展變遷之調查研究。都市與計劃，29(1)，37-65.https://doi.org/10.6128/CP
郭乃瑩(2013)。科技都會治理的挑戰-以新竹都會為例〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺北大學都市計劃研究所。
陳秉立、閻永祺、孔憲法(2016)。南部科學園區創新平台形成之政策網絡分析。建築與規劃學報，17(1)，25-51.https://doi.org/ 10.30054/JAP
陳詩涵(2014)。新竹市科學園區從業員工通勤旅次起迄分布及抽樣分析〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立交通大學運輸與物流管理學系。
陳柳均(2000)。高科技的想像：新竹科學園區與地方發展〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺灣師範大學地理研究所。
陳雪莉(2006)。台南科學園區工程師住宅選擇之個案研究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立成功大學企業管理學系。
許舒惠(2013)。南科台南園區及其周緣的土地開發與歷史變遷〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺南大學台灣文化研究所。
楊尚瑜(2006)。台灣地區科學園區週遭半城化現象初探〔未出版之碩士論文〕。中華大學建築與都市計畫學系。
楊長青(2005)。新竹科學園區的設置對新竹地區空間結構之影響-以竹北市為例〔未出版之碩士論文〕。臺中師範學院社會科教育學系。
楊俊煌、郭昱瑩(2010)。台南科學園區與地方經濟發展之關聯性分析。中國行政評論，18(1)，127-174.https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.2010.18(1).04
解鴻年、胡太山、柯大鈞、薛卜賓(2005)。新竹科學園區周邊工業區發展變遷之研究。環境與世界，11，1-31.https://doi.org/10.6304/EAW.2005.11.1
潘思錡、胡太山、鄭皓騰、林海萍（2023）。以知識導向發展構築都市研發與創新能量。都市與計劃，50(4)，469-497。https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.202312_50(4).0001
薛卜賓(2007)。從鄰近性向度探討科技社群定住區位之變遷-以新竹地區為例。中華大學建築與都市計畫學系。
外文文獻
Arntz, M., Brüll, E., & Lipowski, C. (2023). Do preferences for urban amenities differ by skill? Journal of Economic Geography, 23(3), 541-576. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac025
Almaamory, A., & Al Slik, G. (2021). Science and Technology Park as an Urban Element Towards Society Scientific Innovation Evolution Science and Technology Park as an Urban Element Towards Society Scientific Innovation Evolution. International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Surface Engineering, 1090. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1090/1/012119
Bontje, M., Musterd, S., & Sleutjes, B. (2017). Skills and cities: knowledge workers in Northwest-European cities. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, 8(2).https://doi.org/10.1504/ijkbd.2017.085152
Bereitschaft, B., & Cammack, R. (2015). Neighborhood diversity and the creative class in Chicago. Applied Geography, 63, 166-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.06.020
Couture, V., & Handbury, J. (2020). Urban revival in America. Journal of Urban Economics, 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2020.103267
Cadorin, E., Klofsten, M., & Löfsten, H. (2019). Science Parks, talent attraction and stakeholder involvement: an international study. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 46(1), 1-28.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-019-09753-w
Curvelo Magdaniel, F. T. d. J., Den Heijer, A. C., & De Jonge, H. (2018). The locations of innovation described through thirty-nine tech-campuses. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 28(1), 58-74. https://doi.org/10.1108/cr-01-2017-0014
Curvelo Magdaniel, F. (2016). Technology Campuses in Cities. A study on the relation between innovation and the built environment at the urban area level
Carlino, G., & Kerr, W. R. (2015). Agglomeration and Innovation. In (pp. 349-404). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-59517-1.00006-4
Chen, Y., & Rosenthal, S. S. (2008). Local amenities and life-cycle migration: Do people move for jobs or fun? Journal of Urban Economics, 64(3), 519-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2008.05.005
Clark, T. N. (2003). 3. Urban Amenities: Lakes, Opera, and Juice Bars: Do They Drive Development? In The City as an Entertainment Machine (pp. 103-140). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1479-3520(03)09003-2
Clark, T. N., Lloyd, R., Wong, K. K., & Jain, P. (2002). Amenities Drive Urban Growth. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(5), 493-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9906.00134
Davidson, K., Håkansson, I., Coenen, L., & Nguyen, T. M. P. (2023). Municipal experimentation in times of crises: (Re-)defining Melbourne's innovation district. Cities, 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104042
Dabrowska, J., & Ferreira de Faria, A. (2020). Performance Measures to Assess the Success of Contemporary Science Parks. Triple Helix Journal, 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10006
Eric U. Oti, M. O. O. a. P. A. E. (2021). Statistical Analysis of the Median Test and the Mann-Whitney U Test. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 7(9).
Esmaeilpoorarabi, N., Yigitcanlar, T., Guaralda, M., & Kamruzzaman, M. (2018a). Evaluating place quality in innovation districts: A Delphic hierarchy process approach. Land Use Policy, 76, 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.02.027
Esmaeilpoorarabi, N., Yigitcanlar, T., Guaralda, M., & Kamruzzaman, M. (2018b). Does place quality matter for innovation districts? Determining the essential place characteristics from Brisbane’s knowledge precincts. Land Use Policy, 79, 734-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.09.016
European Investment, B., & World, B. (2010). Plan and manage a science park in the Mediterranean – Guidebook for decision makers. European Investment Bank. https://doi.org/doi/10.2867/74423
French, A. (2016). Stanford Research Park framework for historic resource evaluation. City of Palo Alto Planning & Community Environment Department.
https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/agendas-minutes-reports/agendas-minutes/historic-resources-board/2017/id8184-srp-framework-doc-presentation.pdf
Florida, R. (2014). The Creative Class and Economic Development. Economic Development Quarterly, 28(3), 196-205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242414541693
Fu, Y., & Gabriel, S. A. (2012). Labor migration, human capital agglomeration and regional development in China. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 42(3), 473-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2011.08.006
Florida, R. (2003). Cities and the Creative Class. City & Community, 2(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00034
Florida, R. L. (2002). The rise of the creative class: and how it's transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. New York, NY, Basic Books.
Grimes, A., Badenhorst, S., Mare, D. C., Poot, J., & Sin, I. (2023). Quality of life, quality of business, and destinations of recent graduates: fields of study matter. Ann Reg Sci, 70(1), 55-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-022-01117-x
Gu, H., & Shen, T. (2021). Modelling skilled and less‐skilled internal migrations in China, 2010–2015: Application of an eigenvector spatial filtering hurdle gravity approach. Population, Space and Place, 27(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2439
Glaeser, E. L. 1. (2011). Triumph of the city: how our greatest invention makes us richer, smarter, greener, healthier, and happier. New York, Penguin Press.
Hartal, S., Rubin, O. D., & Malul, M. (2021). The mobility preferences of ICT knowledge workers: Do second-ranked cities have a chance of attracting them? Journal of Urban Affairs, 45(4), 875-889. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2020.1860676
Henriques, I. C., Sobreiro, V. A., & Kimura, H. (2018). Science and technology park: Future challenges. Technology in Society, 53, 144-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.01.009
Haisch, T., & Klöpper, C. (2016). Location Choices of the Creative Class: Does Tolerance Make a Difference? Journal of Urban Affairs, 37(3), 233-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12148
Huang, W.-J., & Fernández-Maldonado, A. M. (2016). High-tech development and spatial planning: comparing the Netherlands and Taiwan from an institutional perspective. European Planning Studies, 24(9), 1662-1683. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1187717
He, J.-L., & Gebhardt, H. (2013). Space of Creative Industries: A Case Study of Spatial Characteristics of Creative Clusters in Shanghai. European Planning Studies, 22(11), 2351-2368. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.837430
Hartley, J., & Betts, L. R. (2013). Let’s be positive: The effects of the position of positive and negative values and labels on responses to Likert-type scales. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 55(2), 291–299.
Jacob, J.(1984). Cities and the Wealth of Nations: Principles of Economic Life. Random House.
Jacob, J.(1969). The economy of the cities. Random House.
Kleibrink, A., Nauwelaers, C., & Stančová, K. (2014). The Role of Science Parks in Smart Specialisation Strategies. https://doi.org/10.2791/8851
Kloosterman, R. C., & Trip, J. J. (2011). Planning for Quality? Assessing the Role of Quality of Place in Current Dutch Planning Practice. Journal of Urban Design, 16(4), 455-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2011.585863
Kujansivu, P. (2009). Is there something wrong with intellectual capital management models? Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 7(4), 300-307. https://doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2009.23
Kruskal, W. H., & Wallis, W. A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47, 583-621. https://doi.org/10.2307/2280779
Le, N. T. T., Nguyen, P. V., Trieu, H. D. X., & Hai Lam, L. N. (2023). Talent management at science parks: Firm-university partnerships as a strategic resource for competitive advantage creation in the information technology sector in Vietnam. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2210889
Liu, Y., Huang, C., Zhang, F., & Ma, H. (2023). Locational preferences of high‐level overseas talent returning to China: Evidence from microdata analysis. Population, Space and Place, 29(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2650
Löfsten, H., Klofsten, M., & Cadorin, E. (2020). Science Parks and talent attraction management: university students as a strategic resource for innovation and entrepreneurship. European Planning Studies, 28(12), 2465-2488. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2020.1722986
Li, H., Wei, Y. D., & Wu, Y. (2019). Urban amenity, human capital and employment distribution in Shanghai. Habitat International, 91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102025
Lecluyse, L., Knockaert, M., & Spithoven, A. (2019). The contribution of science parks: a literature review and future research agenda. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44(2), 559-595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-09712-x
Lee, H.-k., & Kim, H.-b. (2018). Regional preferences for the living environment and mobility of researchers and general workers: the case of Korea. The Annals of Regional Science, 62(1), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-018-0892-3
Mansury, Y. S., Tontisirin, N., & Anantsuksomsri, S. (2012). The impact of the built environment on the location choices of the creative class: Evidence from Thailand. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 4(3), 183-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-7802.2012.01068.x
McKnight, P., & Najab, J. (2010). Mann-Whitney U Test. In. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0524
Murphy, E., & Redmond, D. (2009). The role of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ factors for accommodating creative knowledge: insights from Dublin's ‘creative class’. Irish Geography, 42(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00750770902815620
Martilla, J. A., & James, J. C. (1977). Importance-Performance Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224297704100112
Mann, H. B., & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18, 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177730491
Ng, W. K. B., Appel-Meulenbroek, R., Cloodt, M., & Arentze, T. (2022). Exploring science park location choice: A stated choice experiment among Dutch technology-based firms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121796
Ng, W. K. B., Appel-Meulenbroek, R., Cloodt, M., & Arentze, T. (2019). Towards a segmentation of science parks: A typology study on science parks in Europe. Research Policy, 48(3), 719-732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.11.004
Nahm, K.-B. (2000). The Evolution of Science Parks and Metropolitan Development. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 4(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2000.9693465
Ostertagova, E., Ostertag, O., & Kováč, J. (2014). Methodology and Application of the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 611, 115-120.
Poonjan Amonpat, & Nygaard, T. A. (2020). The role of regional contextual factors for science and technology parks: a conceptual framework. European Planning Studies, 28(2), 400-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1679093
Pancholi, S., Yigitcanlar, T., & Guaralda, M. (2019). Place making for innovation and knowledge-intensive activities: The Australian experience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 616-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.09.014
Parker, C., Scott, S. and Geddes, A. (2019) Snowball Sampling. SAGE Research Methods Foundations.
Phelps, N. A., & Dawood, S. R. S. (2014). Untangling the Spaces of High Technology in Malaysia. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 32(5), 896-915. https://doi.org/10.1068/c1272r
Rao, Y., & Dai, D. (2016). Creative Class Concentrations in Shanghai, China: What is the Role of Neighborhood Social Tolerance and Life Quality Supportive Conditions? Social Indicators Research, 132(3), 1237-1246.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1347-9
Sever, I. (2015). Importance-performance analysis: A valid management tool? Tourism Management, 48, 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.022
Shearmur, R. (2012). Are cities the font of innovation? A critical review of the literature on cities and innovation. Cities, 29, S9-S18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.06.008
Storper, M., & Scott, A. J. (2009). Rethinking human capital, creativity and urban growth. Journal of Economic Geography, 9(2), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn052
UN.ESCAP (2019). Establishing science and technology parks : a reference guidebook for policymakers in Asia and the Pacific. Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12870/114.
Vossen, D., Sternberg, R., & Alfken, C. (2019). Internal migration of the ‘creative class’ in Germany. Regional Studies, 53(10), 1359-1370. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1566699
van Winden, W., & Carvalho, L. (2016). Urbanize or Perish? Assessing the Urbanization of Knowledge Locations in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 23(1), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2015.1090194
Wu, K., Wang, Y., Zhang, H. o., Liu, Y., & Ye, Y. (2021). Impact of the Built Environment on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Regional Innovation Productivity: Evidence from the Pearl River Delta, China. Chinese Geographical Science, 31(3), 413-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-021-1198-4
Yigitcanlar, T., & Lönnqvist, A. (2013). Benchmarking knowledge-based urban development performance: Results from the international comparison of Helsinki. Cities, 31, 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.11.005
Yigitcanlar, T. (2011). Position paper: redefining knowledge-based urban development. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijkbd.2011.044343
Yigitcanlar, T., Carrillo, F. J., Baum, S., & Horton, S. (2007). Attracting and retaining knowledge workers in knowledge cities. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(5), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270710819762
Zhang, M., Partridge, M. D., & Song, H. (2020). Amenities and the geography of innovation: evidence from Chinese cities. The Annals of Regional Science, 65(1), 105-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-020-00977-5
Zhang, F., & Wu, F. (2019). Rethinking the city and innovation: A political economic view from China's biotech. Cities, 85, 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.09.003
Zhang, Y. (2005). The science park phenomenon: development, evolution and typology. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 5(1/2), 138-154.