研究動機：憂鬱是老人常見的健康問題，已知身體活動對身心健康有好處，但與憂鬱之關聯，其研究結果則不一致，且較少研究以偏遠地區居家老人為對象進行調查。
研究目的：調查南台灣偏遠地區老年居民從事各種休閒性與非休閒性身體活動型態與憂鬱症狀之關聯。
研究方法：橫斷式相關性研究。從南台灣某偏遠地區選擇65歲以上居民、可自主活動、在其自主下可口語溝通，排除經醫師診斷有精神疾病者共518人。採一對一訪談，以結構式問卷收集資料，測量工具包含；12項常見休閒性身體活動收集其休閒性身體活動狀況，參考台灣老人身體活動量表(PASE)，擬訂五項常見非休閒性身體活動並收集之，採10題中文版憂鬱量表(CESD-10)測量其自覺憂鬱症狀等。以多元邏輯迴歸分別分析休閒性與非休閒性活動與憂鬱症狀之關聯。
研究結果：該偏遠地區老人自覺有憂鬱症狀盛行率為29.2%。非休閒性活動與憂鬱症狀無顯著關聯。該偏遠地區老年居民的休閒性活動中，以行走為最多人從事。以多元邏輯迴歸並調整人口學變項，未從事走路休閒活動者比有從事者，有較高危險自覺有憂鬱症狀(AOR=1.8，95% C.I.=1.2 - 2.7)，走路時間若一週累積未達160分鐘者較超過者，有較高的危險自覺有憂鬱症狀(AOR=1.7，95% C.I.=1.02 - 2.8)。每週從事休閒性身體活動消耗總熱量未達7.0 METs-hr/week者較已達到者，有較高的危險自覺有憂鬱症狀(AOR=1.9，95% C.I.=1.1 – 3.2)。
結論：偏遠地區老人若一週步行未超過160分鐘或是一週從事休閒活動消耗總熱量未達7.0 METs-hr/week，其憂鬱症狀比率較高。

Background: Depression is a common mental health problem in the elderly. While it is well-known that physical activity has great benefits with regard to physical and psychological health, there are few studies on the association between physical activity and depression, especially with regard to old people living in rural areas.
Objectives: The purposes of this study were to examine the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA), non-leisure time physical activity (NLTPA) and depressive symptoms among community dwelling elderly residents in rural areas.
Method: A cross-sectional and correlative design was applied in this study. A total of 518 participants took part in this study, all of whom lived in rural areas, were aged 65 or above, were able to move independently, had good communication skills, and had not been diagnosed as having any psychiatric disorders. Data was collected from face-to-face interviews and a structured questionnaire which contained 12 common LTPA items, five NLTPA items from the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and 10 items from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the association that depressive symptoms had with leisure and non-leisure activities, respectively.
Results and Discussion: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among the participants was 29.2%. No significant association was found between NLTPA and depressive symptoms. Walking was the most common LTPA among these rural-dwelling elderly subjects. After the multiple logistic regressions, and adjusting for the demographic characteristics, there were significantly higher risks of suffering from depressive syndromes among the following participants: those who did not engage in walking for at least 10 minutes per week compared to who did (AOR=1.8, 95% C.I.=1.2 ~ 2.7), those who walked less than 160 minutes/week compared to those that did (AOR= 1.7, 95% CI=1.02~ 2.8), and those whose total amount of calories consumed by all their LTPA was less than 7.0 METs-hr/week, compared to those who exceeded this amount (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI =1.1~3.2).
Conclusion: The community-dwelling elderly residents who walked less than 160 minutes/week or whose total calories consumed by LTPA was less than 7.0 METs-hr/week had a significantly higher risk of suffering from depression.

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