| 研究生: |
洪韻筑 Hung, Yun-Chu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
論股東藉由設立投資公司規劃或規避稅捐之探討與界線-所得稅法第66條之8 A Study on Tax Planning or Avoidance by Establishing Investment Companies among Shareholders and the Boundary: Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act |
| 指導教授: |
柯格鐘
Ko, Ke-Chung |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 法律學系 Department of Law |
| 論文出版年: | 2014 |
| 畢業學年度: | 102 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 132 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 投資公司 、稅捐規避 、所得稅法第66條之8 、隱藏性盈餘分配 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | investment company, tax avoidance, Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act, hidden profit distribution |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:121 下載:8 |
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近年來因應稅務需求產生的特殊形態公司-投資公司,典型的案件是股東利用設立投資公司獲取國內被投資公司之股利分配,依所得稅法第42條規定予以免稅,作為節稅的稅捐規劃。但財政部從民國94年開始陸續查核「假藉股權移轉或其他虛偽安排規避或減少納稅義務」等稅捐規避行為,並按所得稅法第66條之8規定補稅裁罰,補稅加裁罰,金額高達數千萬甚至到數億元不等。
自然人股東利用投資公司稅負規劃與規避的模型與界線為何?實務上如何解決調整後稅法認定與設算的問題?處罰的合理性與實務如何執行?本研究提出稅捐規避行為的概念,先針對稅捐規劃、稅捐規避作出區分以及所得稅法第66條之8立法目的、司法判解、學術見解、行政罰法與相關法理及實務案例等,並提出相關的特殊性稅捐規避行為「隱藏性盈餘分配原則」,並進一步就法律層面以及實質課稅層面逐一探討。
本文整理近三年度關於股東設立投資公司規避稅負的行政法院判決,將案例類型化及分析操作手法,並以會計認列方式進行探討,提出所得稅法第66條之8應明確納入「隱藏性盈餘分配原則」及明確的構成要件。
其次以會計及稅務的實務運作來思考此類型稅捐規避行為當年度及以後年度稅捐調整的方式,建議現行實務得以「已分配盈餘」進行稅務評價或是廢除所得稅法第42條轉投資收益免稅,或採以分離課稅的方式執行,用以杜絕此類型稅捐規避的情事,最後提出稅捐規避行為只得實質課稅而不得處罰的概念。
冀望藉由本研究的討論與建議,能提供主管機關作為實務上的應用參考,同時適當修正稅法,納入明確的定義與原則,在維護稅捐利益的同時,才能使納稅人充分的了解,減少爭訟。
Author’s Name:Yun-Chu Hung
Advisor’s Name:Ke-Chung Ko
Department & College:Department of Law, College of Social Science
SUMMARY
Companies are not merely established for the conventional purposes of operation and investment, as a special type of companies, called investment companies, emerged in response to taxation needs. Typical cases are that shareholders receive tax exemptions in accordance with Article 42 of the Income Tax Act for dividends distributed by domestic investee companies by establishing investment companies, so as to carry out tax planning and saving. However, since 2005, the Ministry of Finance has audited companies , such as “Avoiding or Reducing Tax Obligations by Means of Pretended Transfer of Equity or Other False Arrangements” and the amount of overdue tax paid and penalties imposed pursuant to Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act reached as high as tens of million dollars or even hundreds of million dollars.
What models do individual shareholders use for planning and avoiding tax through investment companies and what is the boundary? How can we solve the problems of recognition and imputation in accordance with tax laws in practice after adjustments? How are penalties enforced to a reasonable extent and in practice? This thesis attempts to distinguish between tax planning and tax avoidance and explore the principles of hidden profit distribution, a special tax avoidance behavior in relation to Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act, at a legal level. This thesis also analyzes the rulings by administrative courts over the past three years in terms of accounting and taxation practices to obtain research conclusions and propose feasible suggestions as a reference that applies to the practices.
Keywords: investment company, tax avoidance, Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act, hidden profit distribution
INTRODUCTION
Since 2005, the Ministry of Finance has sent out numerous press releases, such as “Avoiding or Reducing Tax Obligations by Means of Pretended Transfer of Equity or Other False Arrangements,” “Accountants Assisted Taxpayers with Tax Evasion by Scheming False Transfer of Equity,” “Tax Authorities will Collect Overdue Tax on Dividends Distributable or Receivable and Impose Penalties Based on Data Acquired in Investigations Targeting Individuals who Illegally Avoid Individual Income Tax for Themselves by Transferring Equity.” As of 2012, such topics were the focus of announcement almost every year, and the amount of overdue tax paid and penalties imposed pursuant to Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act reached as high as tens of million dollars or even hundreds of million dollars.
There are many disputes of Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act. Typical cases are that shareholders receive tax exemptions in accordance with Article 42 of the Income Tax Act for for dividends distributed by domestic investee companies by establishing investment companies. Companies are established, as a special type of companies, called investment companies, emerged in response to taxation needs. The thesis focus to the typical cases and distinguish between tax planning and tax avoidance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This thesis is intended to analyze the judgments of the administrative courts over the past three years. The thesis refers to the journal articles, the master's degree studies, the academic books of administrative laws. The thesis collects the related information, then organizes, summarizes, discusses them. Finally the thesis makes a conclusion and some suggestions.
DISCUSSION
The thesis has made a basic introduction the legal principle of tax avoidance ,and then distinguish between tax planning and tax avoidance. The principles of hidden profit distribution is a main theory to discuss in the thesis. It is a special tax avoidance behavior in relation to Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act. It is divided into sections discussing the objective constituent elements, the subjective constituent elements, and the legal effect.
These will be discussed from principles of taxation, the legislative purposes, judicial decisions, interpretations, opinions of the scholars, the Administrative Penalty Act and the related legal theory. The relevant legal problems are discussed and commented.
CONCLUSION
Tax administration and tax risk control are naturally essential elements and topics worth investigating when it comes to personal asset and business management. The thesis wants to intensify that the Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act have many problems, thus legislators should adjust explicitly as quickly as possible. And it is not appropriate that the current element of punishment in the Article 66-8 of the Income Tax Act.
The adjustment of tax benefit element in Article 42 of the Income Tax Act is necessary and important to avoid further tax avoidance. By discussions and suggestions herein, achieve the ideal of promoting fairness and justice in terms of taxation practices, and obtain propose feasible suggestions as a reference that applies to the practices.
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