水庫優養化係因水中氮、磷營養物質過量所引起，造成藻類與水中有機物濃度增高，影響飲用水安全並提高原水處理成本。我國澎湖及其他離島地區飲用水原水主要仰賴水庫供應，因澎湖少雨、蒸發量大、水庫優養問題嚴重，再加上民生及遊客用水快速成長，水庫水質與水量均已不符所需，近年來飲用水逐漸以海淡水為主。不過，海淡水成本高出水庫水數倍，水庫水即使在豐水期水量充足狀態下又因水質不好需增加加藥量且提高消毒副產物風險，改善水庫優養不僅可降低用水成本，還可提升用水安全。
減輕水體優養化的根本方法不外乎是阻絕營養物質流入水庫，或降低水庫內營養鹽濃度。在阻絕營養物質流入水庫方面，澎湖多年來推動非點源污染逕流廢水控制及污水截流入海，對水庫水質無明顯改善。在降低水庫內營養鹽濃度方面，除定期清淤疏浚外，尚未有具體作法，其原因之一為目前尚未有可靠、能直接循環並有效處理水庫低氮、磷濃度之現地水質淨化方法。
本研究以澎湖成功水庫為例，試驗以呈層土壤水質淨化系統(multi-soil-layering system, MSL)直接循環庫內水來探討低濃度進流水質之去除效果。MSL是源自日本的一種土壤滲透改良工法，主要是將土壤、有機質、碳粉、鐵等材料包覆於土工包，並且藉由透水層(沸石、礫石等)與混合土塊層(土工包)呈層堆疊使該系統同時擁有均勻與不均勻水流來達到有效的去除效果。相較傳統土壤處理工法，MSL具有廣進流濃度範圍、高單位面積負荷率、較不容阻塞等優點。有別於在實驗室建置小型實驗系統，本研究於澎湖成功水庫現地進行模場操作，處理實際水庫原水以評估MSL對澎湖成功水庫水質直接循環之改善效果與淨水成本。在MSL模場規劃設計部分區分五大項：(1)水質環境狀況、(2)廠址點位選擇、(3)實驗操作流程規劃、(4)試驗槽內部材料配置、(5)土工包內部材料選用。規劃設計內容包含事前水質觀測、場址地點評估、實驗流程規劃及材料選用與配置。
本研究MSL模場最大處理量40 CMD，以不同之土工包材料配比及透水層共分4槽(A-D槽)，每槽可獨立操作，長寬高皆為2m、2.5m、2m，槽體內有8層土工包層含136個土工包。系統先自水庫抽取原水，經BioNet前處理(防止MSL阻塞)，最後進入MSL單元。在一年的水質試驗中，夏秋季TB總去除率為82%，SS總去除率為50%，TOC總去除率為65%，TP總去除率為45%，NH3-N總去除率為69%，BOD總去除率為47%，COD總去除率為27%；冬春季TB總去除率為85%，SS總去除率為75%，TOC總去除率為58%，TP總去除率為62%，NH3-N總去除率為73%，BOD總去除率為71%，COD總去除率為8%。
本研究MSL試驗模場建造成本為350萬元、模場面積為20 m2、單位建造成本為17.5萬元/m2。營運費用每年約5萬元，主要為抽水馬達及鼓風機之電力費用，目前處理水量約為40 CMD，估計本研究MSL模場處理成本為3.4元/CMD (原水)，加計水庫原水處理成本後約為13.4元，其與目前澎湖地區海水淡化廠處理成本30-40元/CMD相比低上許多。不過，即便MSL的興建成本與造水成本都遠低於海淡廠，只要成功水庫水量不增加，無論用哪一種方法改善成功水庫的水質，都不會降低澎湖對海淡水的依賴，以及自來水產水成本。若採用MSL實場直接循環改善成功水庫水質，預期可顯著改善其優養程度，並在夏秋季水位較高時有機會符合甲類TP水質標準。對自來水公司而言，可因水庫TOC改善而降低加藥成本，使飲用水口感好且消毒副產物風險降低。

This study is aimed at using multi-soil-layering system(MSL) directly purify Water Quality of Chengkung reservoir at Penghu, Taiwan.In the experiment ,we built four different pilot plants with different material ratio and they are combined with multi-soil-layering system (MSL) and BioNET treatment technology. The contents of this study include discussions on the pre-construction survey of Penghu Chenggong Reservoir, the planning and design of the pilot plant, water quality analysis and cost analysis. In terms of water quality analysis, the pollution reduction efficiency of the MSL system for Chengkung reservoir in summer and fall is: TP 45%, TOC 65%, NH3-N 69%, BOD 47%, and SS 50%.In winter and spring:TP 62%, TOC 58%, NH3-N 73%, BOD 71%, and SS 75%.The cost of water treatmeant is much lower by using MSL than seawater desalination .

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