本研究主要探討奈米粒子的生物應用，利用各型奈米粒子如，金奈米粒子、氧化鐵(Gamma-Fe2O3)奈米粒子與奈米量子點進行實驗，尋求增進核苷酸複製與轉殖的方法和細胞轉殖的現象。論文中以微機電製程技術與合成不同之奈米粒子，為實驗技術的主軸。研究先從討論金奈米粒子增進核苷酸在聚合酶反應的複製效率，進而探討如何以磁奈米粒子操控增進核苷酸轉殖效率。為瞭解轉殖現象，最後藉由奈米量子點之光學效應，研究胞膜電穿孔轉殖與細胞吞噬現象，與電子顯微技術交相驗證，完成系統性的探討。
在奈米粒子增進聚合酶效率方面，以不同粒徑、成分之奈米粒子調製聚合酶配方，藉由溫層與時間的調配研究奈米粒子增進效果。並探索不同生物樣本之反應，如不同長短之核苷酸片段(173~1236 bp)與不同來源之樣品差異(組織與細胞)等。結果發現，奈米粒子能有助於縮短反應時間與提升低成本Taq酵素的效率，即使不同來源的核苷酸樣品也都發現增進的效果。此外，溫度升降速率之快慢，也會影響金奈米粒子增進反應的效率，溫度升降速率越快，金奈米粒子增進反應的效率越佳。在金原子等濃度狀況下，金奈米粒子對於聚合酶反應是粒徑越小反應越好，奈米粒子比較方面，而氧化鐵(Gamma-Fe2O3)奈米粒子經實驗證明和金奈米粒子一樣，有增進聚合酶反應效率的功能。
氧化鐵(Gamma-Fe2O3)奈米粒子操控核苷酸研究方面，增進了微型胞膜電穿孔轉殖晶片的轉殖率與操控性中，在未經任何接合步驟的氧化鐵(Gamma-Fe2O3)奈米粒子與核苷酸，於非對稱的磁場吸引下，氧化鐵(Gamma-Fe2O3)奈米粒子的分佈與轉殖後的螢光分佈十分一致，證明了氧化鐵(Gamma-Fe2O3)奈米粒子對核苷酸確實有牽引的作用。對於奈米粒子於轉殖中，如何進入細胞與作用機制為何？論文中也以電子顯微技術與共軛聚焦顯微鏡，對奈米粒子進入細胞之機制加以分析。並利用自行合成的奈米量子點CdSe/ZnS配合光學顯微鏡系統，成功了解奈米粒子進入細胞的機制與反應，分析過程也討論細胞吞噬作用與胞膜電穿孔法兩者對傳送奈米粒子的機制與胞器之關係。
綜合而言，奈米粒子應用於增進核苷酸複製與細胞轉殖效果良好。而其後轉殖現象的探討，由於奈米量子點的加入，所建立的光學追蹤方式，更便利於現象的分析，因此探討奈米粒子應用於細胞與核苷酸則是本篇論文研究之主軸。

In this study, we focused on how the Bio-MEMS and the nanotechnology were used to improve the amplification and transfection of nucleotide. For this study, different kind of nanoparticles, -Fe2O3, gold colloids and quantum dots (CdSe/ZnS), were synthesized and an electroporation microchip was fabricated by MEMS technology. We desired the special physical properties (thermal, magnetic and photochronic) of nanoparticles could be used and controlled in the biological applications with microchips.
Three parts of bio-molecular applications using nanoparticles are discussed in this study: first, what function should be considering about the nanoparticles in enhancing the efficiency of a polymerase chain reaction. We hypothesized and discussed the thermal dispersion, catalysis effect and steric stabilization of nanoparticles could help the mixture of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to increase the PCR efficiency. In this study, 5-40 nm gold colloids were added into the polymerase chain reaction. To demonstrate that the Au nanoparticles can be used freely to the PCR reaction, different PCR systems, DNA polymerases, DNA sizes and complex samples were studied. Our results demonstrate that Au nanoparticles can result in 5-10 fold increase of PCR detection sensitivity in conventional PCR and 104 fold increase in real-time PCR at least. They decrease the reaction time of PCR by 2/3rd in the PCR systems. Second, the DNA associated with magnetic nanoparticles in electroporation process was discussed. The magnetic nanoparticles (5 nm -Fe2O3) can be attracted to specific areas of cell surfaces under magnetic fields, which highly increased the DNA concentration at specific areas and further enhanced the gene transfection in an electroporation method. Compared with the electroporation with and without electrostatic attracting force, the magneto-electroporation with magnetic attracting force showed higher delivery rate (63.05%) in the electroporation processes. This part focuses on the enhancement and targeting of gene transfection using 5 nm -Fe2O3 nanoparticles and electroporation microchips. The last part shows the cellular organelles and the pathway of nanoparticles delivered by electroporation and pinocytosis in living cells. For tracing and observing the quantum dots, the cellular organelles (nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi complex) and cell membrane were labeled with different conventional organic fluorescent dyes to help the CdSe/ZnS detection. Based on the results of the TEM and confocal microscopy, we could summarize four important points. First, the electroporation method provided more quantum dots transport and faster delivery than the pinocytosis method. Second, different pathways were found; the quantum dots delivered by the electroporation were dispersed randomly in the cellular cytoplasm. Third, the fluorescence intensity of the quantum dots was stronger than that of conventional organic dyes and the emission time of the quantum dots was longer. Fourth, in both the electroporation and pinocytosis methods, the quantum dots were found in the nuclear membrane.
In a summary, nanoparticles and Bio-MEMS can offer a lot of new methods to improve the detection ability of molecular biotechnology. Especially, they can be developed for controlling the weak physical force and field.

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