研究生: |
滿達 davaasuren, odmandakh |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
短期事件想像式的情景模擬可增加幫助他人的意願 Short-term event imagination of episodic simulation can increase intention to help others |
指導教授: |
蕭富仁
Shaw, Fu-Zen |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 心理學系 Department of Psychology |
論文出版年: | 2017 |
畢業學年度: | 105 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 52 |
中文關鍵詞: | 情景模擬 、角色取替 、利社會行為 |
外文關鍵詞: | episodic simulation, perspective taking, prosocial intention |
相關次數: | 點閱:80 下載:8 |
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情景模擬是一種能夠自我想像發生在特定時空假設事件的能力。利社會行為是指能夠增進團體或他人利益的行為。如合作、助人、慈善捐贈、分享、支持、慷慨、同情、安慰及利他。近來的研究顯示,相較於控制組,實驗組的受試者預先在內心模擬建構助人的場景會增加更多後續的助人意願。本研究的第一個實驗旨在確認情景模擬會促進利社會傾向。實驗結果顯示跟Gaesser 在 2014的研究結果一致。Gaesser在他們的研究中認為是情景模擬而不是角色取替(perspective taking) 促進了利他社會的行為。然而,種種跡象顯示角色取替在助人行為的決策歷程中有可能扮演了重要的角色。因此本研究認為,單單只是情景模擬或情景記憶不能完全解釋或促進利社會行為。我們假設角色取替這個因素會影響模擬情景過程,因而增加後續助人行為。
因此在本研究的第二個實驗,我們要驗證角色取替對同理決策行為在短期操作模擬情景的影響。在這樣的實驗設計下,這樣的短期操作會排除情景模擬和情景記憶對於決策助人行為的影響。接下來,我們用第三個實驗提供更明確的證據來闡明其中的關係:當角色取替的作用越增加越能增強助人的意願。這邊和過去的研究不一致的地方在於想像助人情景的詳細細節度對後續的助人之決策歷程沒有顯著的影響。這些證據再再顯示模擬情景或過去有關情景記憶對於加強助人意願沒有重大的作用,反而是角色取替能力在模擬情景中扮演關鍵的角色增強利社會行為。
Episodic simulation refers to the ability to imagine hypothetical events in a specific time and place from first person perspective. Prosocial behavior is defined as any actions that are intended to benefit others. Recent work on episodic simulation indicates that imagining hypothetical scenarios of helping a person in need or remember past helping events increase one’s intention to help that person. Our study 1 aimed to confirm that episodic simulation promotes prosocial tendencies. The result was consistent with the prior work, however, perspective taking plays an important role in facilitating helping intention. We argued that the episodic simulation and memory can’t fully account for the enhanced prosocial intentions, but perspective taking process may be involved in episodic simulation which in turn supports willingness to help.
In experiment 2, we examined the effect of perspective taking on empathic decision making in short-term manipulation. Because it enables us to minimize the potential episodic memory effect on prosocial intention. We found that perspective taking can be used to contribute helping intention in the short-term manipulation. Next, our third experiment provided a clear evidence that the greater considering the perspective of others the more willing were to express the intention to help people in need rather than episodic simulation or memory per se. We suggest that the role of perspective taking ability is necessary for the mental simulation in enhancing empathic response towards others.
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