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研究生: 李耀輝
Lee, Alec Paul
論文名稱: Factors Affecting Gay Consumer Behavior in a Tourism Context
Factors Affecting Gay Consumer Behavior in a Tourism Context
指導教授: 陳正忠
Chen, Jeng-Chung (Victor)
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 國際經營管理研究所碩士班
Institute of International Management (IIMBA--Master)
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 96
外文關鍵詞: Gay tourism, Travel lifestyle, List of values (LOV), Activities/Attitude, Interests, Opinions (AIO), Travel motivation, Perceived constraints, Travel behavior
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  • With respect to tourism, it is seen as a widespread belief that gay men have distinct travel preferences, buying habits and motivations and, not only that, these are generally regarded to be particularly favourable to a high likelihood of taking a holiday, frequent holiday-taking and high spending (Mintel, 2000). Gay men have been referred to as ‘an emerging lifestyle segment’ (Fugate, 1993, p. 46), implying the existence of a distinct lifestyle that might enable marketers to target gay men effectively and economically.
    In this study, travel behavior is examined with the aim of determining just how realistic it is to assume that gay men are an attractive market to target for holidays. In order to contextualize the tourism marketing activity, it is vital that we recognise how public space is contested, controlled and inherently hetero-sexualized. This study is aimed at investigating a gay travel behavior based on Activities/Attitudes, Interests and Opinions (AIO) and attempts to extend the theoretical and empirical evidence among the push and pull motivations, perceived constraints, and travel lifestyle.
    In particular, this study attempts to research distinct travel behaviors’ that may emerge for gay men, thus confirming that gay men’s travel patterns are unique and as such, offer good prospects to those such as tour operators and hoteliers, willing to target this market. This study also explores the influences of the respondents’ personal values of the List of Values (LOV), and socio-demography to the overall conceptual model proposed in Figure 3-1 and concludes that there are significant opportunities for tourism marketers to reach out to gay consumers.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF TABLES IX LIST OF FIGURES X CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background and Motivation. 1 1.2 Research Objectives and Contribution. 3 1.3 Scope of Study. 5 1.4 Structure of Study. 6 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Gay Identity. 7 2.1.1 Symbols of Gay Culture. 8 2.1.2 Gay Leisure. 8 2.2 Travel Motivation. 10 2.2.1 Push and Pull Dimension. 11 2.3 Perceived Constraints. 13 2.3.1 Prejudice, Homophobia and Discrimination. 14 2.4 Travel Lifestyle and Psychographic. 16 2.4.1 Attitude/Activities, Interests and Opinions (AIO). 17 2.5 Travel Behavior. 18 2.6 Values. 20 2.6.1 The List of Values (LOV). 22 2.7 Socio-Demographic Characteristics. 23 2.8 Hypotheses Development. 24 2.8.1 Interrelationship between Travel Motivation and Travel Lifestyle. 24 2.8.2 Interrelationship between Perceived Constraints and Travel Lifestyle. 26 2.8.3 Relationship between Travel Lifestyle and Travel Behavior. 28 2.8.4 Relationship between Personal Values toward Travel Motivation, Perceived Constraints, Travel Lifestyle and Travel Behavior. 30 2.8.5 Relationship between Socio-demography and Travel Motivation, Perceived Constraints, Travel Lifestyle and Travel Behavior. 31 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 33 3.1 Conceptual Framework. 33 3.2 Construct Measurement. 34 3.2.1 Travel Motivation. 34 3.2.2 Perceived Constraints. 35 3.2.3 Travel Lifestyle (AIO) 36 3.2.4 Travel Behavior. 37 3.2.5 Values. 38 3.2.6 Socio-Demography. 39 3.3 Hypotheses to Be Tested. 40 3.4 Questionnaire Design. 40 3.5 Sample Plan. 41 3.5.1 Refined Survey Instrument (Pilot Test). 41 3.6 Data Collection. 42 3.7 Analysis Procedure. 43 3.7.1 Descriptive Statistical Analysis. 43 3.7.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis. 43 3.7.3 One-way ANOVA. 44 3.7.4 Multiple Regressions Analysis. 44 3.7.5 Structure Equation Model. 45 CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH RESULTS 46 4.1 Descriptive Statistic Analysis. 46 4.1.1 Data Collection. 46 4.1.2 Characteristics of Respondents. 46 4.2 Measurement Results for Relevant Research Variables. 48 4.3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). 53 4.3.1 Travel Motivation. 53 4.3.2 Travel Lifestyle (AIO). 56 4.3.3 Perceived Constraints. 58 4.3.4 Travel Behavior. 60 4.3.5 Confirmatory Factor Analysis for TM, AIO, PC, TB. 62 4.4 One-way ANOVA. 65 4.4.1 Values on Travel Motivations (TM) and Travel Lifestyle (AIO). 65 4.4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics. 67 4.5 Structural Equation Model (SEM). 70 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 74 5.1 Research Conclusion. 74 5.2 Research Contributions. 77 5.3 Research Discussion. 78 5.4 Marketing and Managerial Implications. 80 5.5 Limitations and Future Research. 81 5.6 Recommendations for Future Research. 82 REFERENCES 83 APPENDIX - I SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 91

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