研究背景：身體活動(Physical activity)向來是備受重視的重要議題，且缺乏身體活動量對於健康的負面影響也廣為人知，此外心理因素對於身體活動量改變的影響也受到關注，在這些心理因素當中，體重污名(Weight stigma)是時常被關注到的議題，且體重污名的樣態多元，對於身體活動的影響也是許多學者持續探究的議題。然而，我們也試著從瞭解運動逃避心態(亦即避免身體活動和運動傾向；Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport)的角度，進而確認其在體重污名與身體活動之間的關聯性。有鑑於台灣和香港皆存在年輕成人身體活動量不足的狀況，且考量兩者有相似文化與背景，過往東亞相關研究也會將兩者進行共同研究。因此本研究希望參考過去在身體活動及體重污名的相關研究，進一步去驗證台灣與香港大學生的身體活動和體重污名之間是否存有關聯性，以及避免身體活動和運動傾向在當中所扮演的角色。
研究目的：本研究主要探討台灣與香港大學生的體重感知污名(perceived weight stigma)、體重內化污名(internalized weight stigma)、避免身體活動和運動傾向 (Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport)以及身體活動(physical activity)之間的關係並且驗證避免身體活動和運動傾向量表(Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale)之心理計量特性。基於此研究目的及相關文獻結果，提出下列假設 (1)台灣與香港大學生的體重感知污名與避免身體活動和運動傾向相關(2)台灣與香港大學生的體重內化污名與避免身體活動和運動傾向相關(3)台灣與香港大學生的避免身體活動和運動傾向會影響感知污名與身體活動之間的關係(4)台灣與香港大學生的避免身體活動和運動傾向會影響體重內化污名與身體活動之間的關係(5)台灣與香港大學生的體重感知污名與身體活動相關(6)台灣與香港大學生的體重內化污名與身體活動相關並進一步建構假設模型且進行驗證。
研究方法：透過以問卷方式收集台灣與香港兩地的大學生資料作為研究樣本，台灣樣本於2023年9月到12月之間收案，香港樣本於2023年6月到8月之間收案，問卷包含基本個人資料(如性別、身高、體重等)的收集，還有體重感知污名量表(Perceived Weight Stigma Scale）、體重偏差內化量表（Weight Bias Internalization Scale）、避免身體活動和運動傾向量表(Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale)和短版國際身體活動量問卷（International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form），並將上述變項分別進行描述性統計、獨立樣本T檢定、卡方檢定、效果量、皮爾森積差相關係數、內部一致性、測量恆等性及結構方程模型的分析；此外本研究針對假設的模型進行驗證，並確認避免身體活動和運動傾向在模型當中是否扮演中介角色。
研究結果：共收案1393人(台灣大學生606人，香港大學生787人)，全體樣本的平均年齡為25.34歲，當中以女性為多數占59.8%，在身體質量指數部分，全體樣本平均為22.36 kg/m2，台灣樣本平均值為23.9 kg/m2，香港樣本平均值為21.18 kg/m2，而在體重狀態的部分台灣樣本的過重比例遠高於香港樣本(為兩倍以上)，此外兩地的樣本在身高、體重、身體質量指數、體重感知污名量表分數、體重偏差內化量表分數部分有顯著差異；此外在測量恆等性的部分，本研究所建構的模型顯示出在不同地區、性別和體重狀態具有恆等性，此外將樣本拆成兩個地區的樣本進行測量恆等性，也顯示所建構的模型在不同性別和體重狀態仍具有恆等性。此外在驗證假設模型以確認避免身體活動和運動傾向在模型當中的角色部分，在不同的模型中，以全體樣本而言在體重內化污名與避免身體活動和運動傾向有顯著相關（標準化係數[β]=0.671，p<0.01），而避免身體活動和運動傾向與體育活動呈負相關（β=-0.137，p<0.01）。此外，避免身體活動和運動傾向在體重內化污名與身體活動之間具有中介效應（β=-0.091，p<0.01）。台灣樣本的部分則在體重內化污名與避免身體活動和運動傾向有負相關（ [β]=-0.697，p<0.01），避免身體活動和運動傾向與身體活動同樣呈負相關（β=-0.163，p<0.05），且避免身體活動和運動傾向在體重內化污名與身體活動具有中介效應（β=0.114，p<0.01）。但香港樣本的部分則是僅在體重內化污名上有相關（標準化係數[β]=0.633，p<0.01）；但三個樣本中，相同的是避免身體活動和運動傾向在體重感知污名和身體活動之間皆無顯著相關。
結論：本研究發現體重內化污名與身體活動相關且避免身體活動和運動傾向在當中扮演中介的角色，並進一步發現在台灣大學生的部分與全體樣本有類似的結果，但是香港大學生則是尚未能進一步證明避免身體活動和運動傾向在當中的角色，僅能看出體重自我污名與避免身體活動和運動傾向相關，或許後續可以再進行相關的研究以探究箇中原因。此外本研究也驗證TAPAS中文版在香港地區同樣具有良好的內部一致性，且同樣為穩健的單因素結構量表；並且對於TAPAS的測量恆等性也再次獲得驗證，並且確認在不同地區也同樣具以測量恆等性，讓TAPAS做為測量避免身體活動和運動傾向工具的有效性獲得確認，未來或許可以在亞洲其他國家使用並進行驗證。

This study explored the relationships among perceived weight stigma, internalized weight stigma, the tendency to avoid physical activity and sport, and physical activity among university students in two Asian regions: Taiwan and Hong Kong.
Data were collected through online questionnaires from university students studying in Taiwan between September and December 2023; and those in Hong Kong between June and August 2023. Statistical analyses used in the present study included descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson correlations, internal consistency, measurement invariance, and structural equation modeling.
A total of 1393 participants were included in the study, with 606 being Taiwanese university students and 787 being Hong Kong university students. The overall sample had an average age of 25.34 years, with the majority being female (59.8%). The mean body mass index (BMI) for the entire sample was 22.36 kg/m2, with significant differences between Taiwanese and Hong Kong samples in various factors. As we known that he Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS) exhibited good internal consistency and measurement invariance. In this study, measurement invariance was verified and confirmed the TAPAS 's consistency across regions (Taiwan vs. Hong Kong), genders (male vs. female), and weight statuses (overweight vs. non-overweight).
This study results underscored the mediating role of the tendency to avoid physical activity and sport in the relationship between weight internalization stigma and physical activity. While findings were consistent for Taiwan and the overall sample, further research is needed to understand variations in Hong Kong students.

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