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研究生： 蘇敬元
Su, Chin-Yuan
論文名稱： 考量混合生產及回收料不確定性的整備時間之經濟生產批量模型
EPQ models under hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing production with setup time uncertainty of recycled materials
指導教授： 謝中奇
Hsieh, Chung-Chi
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 工業與資訊管理學系
Department of Industrial and Information Management
論文出版年： 2016
畢業學年度： 104
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 70
中文關鍵詞： 再製造 、混合生產系統 、整備時間不確定性 、經濟生產批量模型
外文關鍵詞： EPQ, Remanufacturing, Hybrid production, Setup time uncertainty
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    • 隨著全球對環保意識的重視日增月益，在企業之間彼此的激烈競爭下，許多企業為了於環保以及降低生產成本之間取得雙贏，採取以回收料進行再製造生產之策略。但由於每批回收料的特性及純度較不一致，因此產品生產前必須針對回收料進行生產的參數配置調整，導致回收料的整備時間具有不確定性。
    本研究探討一間企業採取使用原物料製造以及回收料再製造的混合生產系統，以經濟生產批量模型為基礎，建立四種模型，模型一為單純以原物料進行一次製造之經濟生產批量模型，用來後續比較加入以回收料來進行再製造之混合生產模型是否能夠降低單位時間之期望總成本。模型二在不允許缺貨的情況下，先使用原物料進行製造，生產完成後進入純粹消耗時間，並且同時進行回收料的整備，若整備可以及時完成，則立即切換至以回收料進行再製造。模型三則是以模型二為基礎，考慮經過多少時間若未能完成整備則代表此批回收料可能品質不佳，能夠完成整備的機會不大，因此在全新品消耗完之前，加入一個回收料的最長允許整備時間，當整備時間達到此一上限若尚未完成整備，則放棄此批回收料。接著，本研究以模型三做延伸，在考慮在允許缺貨的情況下，建構模型四，其中最長之允許整備時間會設定在全新品消耗完之後，分析各模型間的優劣，求取最佳之經濟生產批量、最長允許整備時間以及單位時間期望總成本的極小化，並且進行敏感度分析，以探討各種模型在參數變動時適用的情況。
    最後本研究參考實際公司之生產參數並且在符合研究假設下，求解出各模型之最佳解，得到在大部份的情況下允許缺貨之模型四總成本最低，模型二與模型三所得到之最佳解會相等，而不考慮以回收料再製造生產之模型一總成本則是最高，因此在大部份的情況下，回收料之再製造生產混合生產模型能夠有效的降低成本。另外，透過敏感度分析，我們發現在某些特定的情況下，例如平均整備時間過長、回收料的生產批量、單位整備成本和再製造品的單位持有成本太高時，模型四的成本反而會高過於模型一，此時則不建議採用以回收料進行再製造之混合生產模型。

    In order to satisfy demand while achieving cost reduction and environmental friendly manufacturing, many companies began using recycled materials to produce products these days. This research investigates four economic production quantity (EPQ) models that use both raw materials and recycled materials to manufacture/remanufacture goods in the presence of setup time uncertainty of recycled materials. Model 1 is the EPQ model with raw materials, whereas model II uses both raw materials and recycled materials. Model III extends model II by considering the maximum allowable time for setup of recycled materials, and model IV further extends model III by allowing product shortage.

    The numerical analysis found that using hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing production is usually more profitable than solely using raw materials to produce products, and that model IV is likely to be better than model II under different parametric settings.

    摘要.....i Extended Abstract.....ii 誌謝.....v 目錄.....vi 表目錄.....x 圖目錄.....xi 第一章 緒論.....1 1.1 研究背景與動機.....1 1.2 研究目的.....2 1.3 研究流程.....3 1.4 研究架構.....4 第二章 文獻探討.....6 2.1 經濟生產批量.....6 2.1.1 傳統經濟生產批量模型限制上的修正.....6 2.1.2 具有時間不確定性的經濟生產批量模型.....9 2.2 製造與再製造之混合生產系統.....10 2.2.1 逆物流.....11 2.2.2 共享資源下的混合生產系統.....12 2.3 考量經濟生產批量之混合生產系統.....14 2.4 小結.....16 第三章 模型建構與發展.....18 3.1 模型情境.....19 3.1.1 模型假設.....20 3.1.2 符號定義.....20 3.2 模型一之建構與分析.....22 3.3 模型二之建構與分析.....24 3.3.1 情況一：回收料的整備可以完成之成本分析.....24 3.3.2 情況二：回收料的整備無法完成之成本分析.....27 3.3.3 期望週期時間以及期望總成本.....28 3.3.4 整備時間服從指數分配下之單位時間期望總成.....29 3.4 模型三之建構與分析.....30 3.4.1 情況一：回收料的整備可以完成之成本分析.....30 3.4.2 情況二：回收料的整備無法完成之成本分析.....30 3.4.3 期望週期時間以及期望總成本.....32 3.4.4 整備時間服從指數分配下之單位時間期望總成本.....33 3.5 模型四之建構與分析.....34 3.5.1 情況一：回收料的整備可以完成且未發生缺貨之成本分析.....34 3.5.2 情況二：回收料的整備可以完成且已發生缺貨之成本分析.....34 3.5.3 情況三：回收料的整備無法且已發生缺貨完成之成本分析.....37 3.5.4 期望週期時間以及期望總成本.....39 3.5.5 整備時間服從指數分配下之單位時間期望總成本.....41 第四章 數值分析與參數敏感度分析.....42 4.1 參數設定及求解.....42 4.1.1 參數變動之設定範圍.....43 4.2 整備時間服從母數為 λ 的指數分配之敏感度分析.....45 4.2.1 λ 對經濟生產批量的影響.....45 4.2.2 λ 對最長允許整備時間的影響.....45 4.2.3 λ 對單位時間期望總成本的影響.....46 4.3 生產速率 p 之敏感度分析.....47 4.3.1 p 對經濟生產批量的影響.....47 4.3.2 p 對最長允許整備時間的影響.....47 4.3.3 p 對單位時間期望總成本的影響.....48 4.4 需求率 d 之敏感度分析.....49 4.4.1 d 對經濟生產批量的影響.....49 4.4.2 d 對最長允許整備時間的影響.....49 4.4.3 d 對單位時間期望總成本的影響.....50 4.5 回收料生產批量 Q2 之敏感度分析.....50 4.5.1 Q2 對經濟生產批量的影響.....50 4.5.2 Q2 對最長允許整備時間的影響.....51 4.5.3 Q2 對單位時間期望總成本的影響.....52 4.6 單位整備成本 csp 之敏感度分析.....53 4.6.1 csp 對經濟生產批量的影響.....53 4.6.2 csp 對最長允許整備時間的影響.....53 4.6.3 csp 對單位時間期望總成本的影響.....54 4.7 全新品的單位持有成本 ch 之敏感度分析.....55 4.7.1 ch 對經濟生產批量的影響.....55 4.7.2 ch 對最長允許整備時間的影響.....55 4.7.3 ch 對單位時間期望總成本的影響.....56 4.8 再製造成品的單位持有成本 chr 之敏感度分析.....57 4.8.1 chr 對經濟生產批量的影響.....57 4.8.2 chr 對最長允許整備時間的影響.....57 4.8.3 chr 對單位時間期望總成本的影響.....58 4.9 單位懲罰成本 cp 之敏感度分析.....59 4.9.1 cp 對經濟生產批量的影響.....59 4.9.2 cp 對最長允許整備時間的影響.....59 4.9.3 cp 對單位時間期望總成本的影響.....60 4.10 小結.....61 第五章 結論與未來研究方向.....63 5.1 結論.....63 5.2 未來研究方向.....65 參考文獻.....66

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