隨著全球能源危機的出現，再生能源開發之議題已經成為萬眾矚目的焦點，其中太陽能為一種可行的方法，而以光催化水分解反應最為重要。本實驗分為兩個部分，第一部分藉由微波輔助水熱法製備出氮摻雜氧化石墨烯並混合二氧化鈦於其中，再將其作為光電極運用於光電化學分解水之研究上，與傳統的水熱法相比，微波輔助水熱法是一種可將GO快速轉化為NGO的方法，也是一種將NGO與P25快速複合的方法。依據水分解實驗及建立的能帶結構圖，可發現當NGOP25(N10)作為電子收集器和水分解電極的活性材料時，NGOP25(N10)複合材料的光催化分解水效率最高，其施加偏壓光電之轉換效率(applied bias photon-to-current efficiency, ABPE)達2.51x10-4%。並藉由多種量測輔助可得知材料之特性，並建構出氮摻雜石墨烯與TiO2能帶相關位置，且從建立的能帶結構圖可以發現GO、rGO及NGO的費米面位置皆偏向導帶，呈現n-type半導體性質。第二部分實驗藉由微波輔助水熱法將硼元素摻雜進入氧化石墨烯中，此硼摻雜氧化石墨烯與還原氧化石墨烯複合後具有高對比的ON-OFF ratio特性，當其ln|I/Io|的值大於0.5或者小於-0.5代表其具有記憶效果，因此可利用此摻雜物對不同施加偏壓下及不同掃描速率下所擁有的不同ON-OFF ratio特性，而設計出利用不同電壓寫入，再由不同電流判讀的功能，如此一來便能應用在不同領域的記憶元件，如DRAM及SRAM。且依寫入和讀取的時間間隔不同，也會有不同的記憶結果，結果中發現間隔時間90s到間隔時間3天之間，隨著間隔時間的增加，會漸漸沒有記憶效果，此元件最長的記憶時間能達三天之久，當間隔三天之後便只能由電壓寫入，無法從電流判讀。

In this research, this experiment is divided into two parts. In the first part, nitrogen-doped graphene (NGO) is prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and mixed with titanium dioxide. NGO is used as a photoelectrode for the study of photocatalytic water splitting. Compared with hydrothermal method, microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is a quick method to convert GO into NGO and form NGOP25 nanocomposite. According to the hydrogen production experiment and the determined energy band diagram, when NGOP25 is used as the active material for the electron collector and water splitting electrode, the nano-carbon ceramic composite electrode is suitable for water splitting. Through a variety of measurement aids, the characteristics of the material can be known, and the relevant position of its energy band diagram can be constructed. The second part of the experiment doped boron into graphene oxide by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. This dopant solution has a high contrast ON-OFF ratio characteristic, so this dopant can be used to apply different bias voltages. With the different current delay response which effects at different scanning speeds, the function of using different voltage to write and then read by different current is designed. So, it can be applied to memory devices in different fields. Depending on the time interval between writing and reading, there will be different memory effects. The longest memory time of this device can be up to three days.

[1] T. V. Khai et al., "Comparison study of structural and optical properties of boron-doped and undoped graphene oxide films," Chemical Engineering Journal, 211 (2012) 369-377.
[2] Y.-j. Zang et al., "Fabrication of S-MoSe2/NSG/Au/MIPs imprinted composites for electrochemical detection of dopamine based on synergistic effect," Microchemical Journal, (2020) 104845.
[3] G. W. Brudvig, J. N. H. Reek, K. Sakai, L. Spiccia, and L. C. Sun, "Catalytic Systems for Water Splitting," ChemPlusChem, 81 (2016) 1017-1019.
[4] Fujishima, A. and K. Honda, "ELECTROCHEMICAL PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER AT A SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODE," Nature, 238 (1972) 37.
[5] Khaselev, O. and J.A. Turner, "A monolithic photovoltaic-photoelectrochemical device for hydrogen production via water splitting, " Science, 280 (1998) 425-427.
[6] Liao, C.H., C.W. Huang, and J.C.S. Wu, "Hydrogen Production from Semiconductor-based Photocatalysis via Water Splitting, " Catalysts, 2 (2012) 490-516.
[7] Lu, Q.P., et al., "2D Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenide-Nanosheet-Based Composites for Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactions, " Advanced Materials, 28 (2016) 1917-1933.
[8] https://www.techbang.com/posts/18381-from-the-channel-to-address-computer-main-memory-structures-to-understand
[9] Z. G. Yu and Y. W. Zhang, "Band gap engineering of graphene with inter-layer embedded BN: From first principles calculations," Diamond and Related Materials, 54 (2015) 103-108.
[10] Mazzio, K.A. and C.K. Luscombe, "The future of organic photovoltaics. Chemical Society Reviews, " 44 (2015) 78-90.
[11] https://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/~rsliu/teaching/pdf97/material/1.pdf
[12] https://www.x-mol.com/news/6985
[13] Hamid, S.B.A., et al., "Applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency of ZnO enhanced by hybridization with reduced graphene oxide, " Journal of Energy Chemistry, 26 (2017) 302-308.
[14] https://pb.ps-taiwan.org/
[15] K. Thiyagarajan, B. Saravanakumar, R. Mohan, and S.-J. Kim, "Thickness-dependent electrical transport properties of graphene," Science of Advanced Materials, 5 (2013) 542-548.
[16] S. Zhang, H. Wang, J. Liu, and C. Bao, "Measuring the specific surface area of monolayer graphene oxide in water," Materials Letters, 261 (2020) 127098.
[17] X.-Y. Fang, X.-X. Yu, H.-M. Zheng, H.-B. Jin, L. Wang, and M.-S. Cao, "Temperature-and thickness-dependent electrical conductivity of few-layer graphene and graphene nanosheets," Physics Letters A, 379 (2015) 2245-2251.
[18] Y. Zhang, Y.-W. Tan, H. L. Stormer, and P. Kim, "Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene," Nature, 438 (2005) 201-204.
[19] K. S. Novoselov et al., "Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films," Science, 306 (2004) 666-669.
[20] D. K. Samarakoon and X.-Q. Wang, "Tunable band gap in hydrogenated bilayer graphene," ACS Nano, 4 (2010) 4126-4130.
[21] Y. J. Qu et al., "Effect of Curvature on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Graphene," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122 (2018) 25331-25338.
[22] V. C. Castillo and J. Q. Dalagan, "Graphene/TiO2 hydrogel: a potential catalyst to hydrogen evolution reaction," Bulletin of Materials Science, 39 (2016) 1461-1466.
[23] http://www.ngsic.org/detail.php?id=321&type=content
[24] Y. Yurum, A. Taralp, and T. N. Veziroglu, "Storage of hydrogen in nanostructured carbon materials," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34 (2009) 3784-3798.
[25] M. F. El-Kady and R. B. Kaner, "INTRODUCING THE MICRO-SUPER-CAPACITOR LASER-ETCHED GRAPHENE BRINGS MOORE'S LAW TO ENERGY STORAGE," IEEE Spectrum, 52 (2015) 41-45.
[26] W. Z. Bao et al., "Confined Sulfur in 3D MXene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanosheets for Lithium-Sulfur Battery," Chemistry—A European Journal, 23 (2017) 12613-12619.
[27] S. Kumari, V. Yadav, P. Sharma, and S. Majumder, "Revisting the synthesis and applications of graphene oxide," Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 96 (2019) 1461-1466.
[28] J. Wang, D. S. Feng, R. Cheng, J. P. Wang, L. C. Zou, and J. Zhang, "Preparation of Graphene by Oxidation-Reduction Method," Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26 (2014) 1701-1703.
[29] S. Saxena, T. A. Tyson, and E. Negusset, "Investigation of the Local Structure of Graphene Oxide," The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 1 (2010) 3433-3437.
[30] 2011.4 / psroc.phys.ntu.edu.tw
[31] Z.-H. Sheng, L. Shao, J.-J. Chen, W.-J. Bao, F.-B. Wang, and X.-H. Xia, "Catalyst-free synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene via thermal annealing graphite oxide with melamine and its excellent electrocatalysis," ACS Nano, 5 (2011) 4350-4358.
[32] M. D. Stoller, S. Park, Y. Zhu, J. An, and R. S. Ruoff, "Graphene-based ultracapacitors," Nano letters, 8 (2008) 3498-3502.
[33] J. Park, P. Bazylewski, and G. Fanchini, "Porous graphene-based membranes for water purification from metal ions at low differential pressures," Nanoscale, 8 (2016) 9563-9571.
[34] C. e. N. e. R. Rao, A. e. K. Sood, K. e. S. Subrahmanyam, and A. Govindaraj, "Graphene: the new two‐dimensional nanomaterial," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48 (2009) 7752-7777.
[35] R. Nankya, J. Lee, D. O. Opar, and H. Jung, "Electrochemical behavior of boron-doped mesoporous graphene depending on its boron configuration," Applied Surface Science, 489 (2019) 552-559.
[36] H. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, "Chemical doping of graphene," Journal of materials chemistry, 21 (2011) 3335-3345.
[37] S. Pei and H.-M. Cheng, "The reduction of graphene oxide," Carbon, 50 (2012) 3210-3228.
[38] M. Patel et al., "Microwave Enabled One‐Pot, One‐Step Fabrication and Nitrogen Doping of Holey Graphene Oxide for Catalytic Applications," Small, 11 (2015) 3358-3368.
[39] Y. Wang, Y. Shao, D. W. Matson, J. Li, and Y. Lin, "Nitrogen-doped graphene and its application in electrochemical biosensing," ACS Nano, 4 (2010) 1790-1798.
[40] T. Wehling et al., "Molecular doping of graphene," Nano letters, 8 (2008) 173-177.
[41] Y. Bleu et al., "Boron-doped graphene synthesis by pulsed laser co-deposition of carbon and boron," Applied Surface Science, 513 (2020) 9.
[42] C. X. Xu et al., "Hydrothermal synthesis of boron-doped unzipped carbon nanotubes/sulfur composite for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries," Electrochimica Acta, 232 (2017) 156-163.
[43] J. Han et al., "Generation of B-Doped Graphene Nano platelets Using a Solution Process and Their Super Capacitor Applications," ACS Nano, 7 (2013) 19-26.
[44]https://www.itsfun.com.tw/%E6%B0%B4%E7%86%B1%E5%90%88%E6
%88%90%E6%B3%95/wiki38112268918006
[45] https://www.rohm.com.tw/electronics-basics/memory/memory_what1
[46] https://www.techbang.com/posts/18381-from-the-channel-to-address
-computer-main-memory-structures-to-understand
[47] http://ctrmost.web2.ncku.edu.tw/p/405-1054-7290,c2083.php?Lang=z
h-tw
[48] http://ctrmost.web2.ncku.edu.tw/p/405-1054-7306,c2083.php?Lang= Zh -tw
[49] https://www.chinstruments.com/products.shtml
[50] W. L. Xu et al., "Self-assembly: a facile way of forming ultrathin, high-performance graphene oxide membranes for water purification," Nano letters, 17 (2017) 2928-2933.
[51] C. Ewels and M. Glerup, "Nitrogen doping in carbon nanotubes," Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 5 (2005) 1345-1363.
[52] https://www.luoow.com/dc_tw/200284509
[53] Liao, C.H., C.W. Huang, and J.C.S. Wu, "Hydrogen Production from Semiconductor-based Photocatalysis via Water Splitting," Catalysts, 2 (2012)490-516.
[54] W. D. Tennyson et al., "Bottom up synthesis of boron-doped graphene for stable intermediate temperature fuel cell electrodes," Carbon, 123 (2017) 605-615.
[55] M. Singh, S. Kaushal, P. Singh, and J. Sharma, "Boron doped graphene oxide with enhanced photocatalytic activity for organic pollutants," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 364 (2018) 130-139.
[56] W. D. Tennyson et al., "Bottom up synthesis of boron-doped graphene for stable intermediate temperature fuel cell electrodes," Carbon, 123 (2017) 605-615.