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研究生：	徐佑銓 Hsu, You-Chiuan
論文名稱：	應用於風力發電系統之永磁發電機設計建模與驗證 Design, Modeling and Validation of Permanent Magnet Generators for Wind Turbines
指導教授：	謝旻甫 Hsieh, Min-Fu
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 系統及船舶機電工程學系 Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年：	2010
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	184
中文關鍵詞：	風力發電、永磁發電機、等效磁路、磁路模型、後充磁、低風速
外文關鍵詞：	wind turbine, permanent magnet generator, equivalent circuit, magnetic circuit model, post-assembly magnetization, low wind speed
相關次數：	點閱：124 下載：16
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本論文主要針對永磁無刷風力發電機提出一廣泛且系統化之設計流程。該設計流程整合風場、風力發電機葉片、永磁發電機以及後端電力負載等特性，並整合所有元件的特性使各元件能夠同時操作於其預期之操作點，使系統達到整體最佳性能。於風場分析部份，本文針對台灣低風速應用場合之風場特性進行估算，並提出適用該風場特性的電機規格。於發電機設計部分，本文建立一通用且精確之磁路模型，該模型可迅速計算出各種形式與各種槽極比的電機磁路，同時考慮磁路飽和問題，無須使用費時的有限元素模擬軟體。透過以該模型為運算核心之疊代程序，電機的幾何尺寸能夠迅速的被設計出。此外，為解決大型化永磁電機組裝問題，本文提出考量「後充磁」製程之系統化設計方法。後充磁法為一組裝後利用定子線圈通入瞬間大電流進行充磁的方法，該法可解決因轉子磁力強大所造成的組裝困難問題。而充磁過程所需要的電流，亦與電機的幾何尺寸一併考量於設計流程中。
本研究所提出通用磁路模型之準確度以及考量後充磁法的設計可行性，已利用一350瓦的縮小化發電機原型機進行測試與驗證。透過實驗結果與有限元素軟體模擬之雙重比較，本磁路模型與設計方法獲得完整的驗證。本文亦利用此系統化之設計方法，設計出一540仟瓦適用於台灣風場之永磁發電機。該電機能夠在應用於台灣風場時，達到較高的經濟效益。

This thesis proposes a systematic and comprehensive design process for permanent magnet generator (PMG) applying to wind turbines. The design process considers the characteristics of wind conditions, turbine blades, PMG and power electronic components. All components are integrated to achieve the preferred operation point. For the wind conditions analysis, this thesis systematically proposes an approach to estimate the specifications of wind turbine generator for Taiwanese wind conditions. Then, a universal accurate magnetic circuit model (MCM) for electric machine is constructed. The model can rapidly calculate the magnetic circuit in any types of electric machines taking into account the saturation issue without time-consuming finite element analysis (FEA). Based on the magnetic model, the dimensions of the electric machine can be properly designed with iterations. Furthermore, the assembly issue of large permanent magnet generators is considered. The design method proposed in this thesis integrates the post-assembly magnetization (PAM) approach into the process. The PAM is an approach to magnetize the permanent magnets of the rotor by applying an impulse of current into the stator winding after the machine is completely assembled. The required magnetizing current and associated dimensions of the machine are both taken into account in the design process.
A 350W scaled-down prototype is realized and tested to verify the model accuracy and to validate the feasibility of the PAM design approach. According to the experimental results and FEA simulated results, the design process can completely achieve the prescribed specifications. A 540kW wind turbine generator for low wind speed conditions is also designed using the systematic design process. The wind turbine can thus be economically operated in the Taiwanese wind conditions.

Chapter 1 Introduction............................................................................1
1 Introduction to wind turbine technology.............................................2
1.1 Energy flow....................................................................................6
1.2 Transmission system…..................................................................7
1.3 Generator.......................................................................................7
1.4 Converter.......................................................................................8
2 Feasible turbine frameworks.............................................................9
2.1 Direct Connect Structures (DCS) ……...........................................9
2.2 Quasi-Connect Structures (QCS) with non-full power converter...11
2.3 Indirect Connect Structures (ICS).................................................14
2.4 Conclusion...................................................................................17
3 Potential applications of ICS-based PMG........................................18
4 Motivation........................................................................................19
5 Thesis overview...............................................................................20
Chapter 2 Wind turbine optimization.....................................................21
1 Introduction.....................................................................................21
2 Wind energy analysis......................................................................25
2.1 Annual available wind energy.......................................................27
2.2 Vertical wind speed profile............................................................29
2.3 Comparison of Europe and Taiwanese wind conditions.............. 31
2.4 Available wind energy...................................................................36
2.5 Operating modes of turbines........................................................41
3 Optimization of generator specifications... .....................................46
3.1 Method of estimation....................................................................46
3.2 Generator nominal power.............................................................48
3.3 Feasibility and optimized specifications. .....................................53
4 Characteristics of ICS-based PMGs................................................56
4.1 Equivalent circuit of ICS-based PMGs.........................................56
4.2 Saturation consideration..............................................................58
4.3 Discussion....................................................................................62
5 Summary.........................................................................................63
Chapter 3 Modeling of PM machines....................................................65
1 Introduction.....................................................................................66
1.1 Introduction to modeling of PM machines…………......................66
1.2 Brief of equivalent magnetic circuits.............................................66
2 Previous work..................................................................................68
2.1 Literature review...........................................................................68
2.2 Discussion....................................................................................77
3 Loading on magnetic circuits...........................................................78
3.1 Material operating point design criteria........................................79
3.2 Operating modes of PM machines..............................................80
3.3 Parameter sensitivity of the primary components....................... 82
4 Modeling of magnets.......................................................................87
4.1 Introduction..................................................................................87
4.2 Consideration of flux leakage.......................................................88
4.3 Modeling of the magnet................................................................89
4.4 Discussion....................................................................................93
5 Modeling of general PM machines..................................................94
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................94
5.2 Permeance matrix........................................................................94
5.3 Nonlinear material considerations..............................................106
6 Summary.......................................................................................109
Chapter 4 Post assembly magnetization method................................111
1 Introduction....................................................................................112
2 Magnetization study.......................................................................114
2.1 Magnetizing and testing.............................................................114
2.2 Magnetizing fixture study............................................................123
3 PAM design criteria.......................................................................129
3.1 Material permeability at post-assembly magnetization…………129
3.2 Derivations used in the design process .....................................130
3.3 Discussion..................................................................................136
4 Summary.......................................................................................137
Chapter 5 Design results and experimental study...............................139
1 540kW wind turbine generator......................................................140
1.1 Initial design specification..........................................................140
1.2 PAM validation...........................................................................143
1.3 Magnetization validation.............................................................144
1.4 Generator performance simulation.............................................146
2 350W scaled-down prototypes......................................................149
2.1 Design results............................................................................150
2.2 Magnetization validation.............................................................150
2.3 Generator performance study.....................................................152
3 Experimental study........................................................................155
3.1 PAM test.....................................................................................155
3.2 Back-EMF measurement...........................................................160
3.3 Loading test on prototype...........................................................161
4 Summary ...................................................................................163
Chapter 6 Conclusions and future work............................................165
1 Conclusions................................................................................165
1.1 Major results and contribution of this dissertation..……………165
2 Future work.................................................................................167
2.1 Machine transient study............................................................167
2.2 Machine control........................................................................167

                                    

Chapter1
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Chapter2
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Chapter3
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Chapter4
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[4.3.1] M.F. Hsieh, Y.C. Hsu and D.G Dorrell, “Design of Large Power Surface-mounted Permanent-magnet Motors Using Post-assembly Magnetization Process”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, (Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TIE.2009.2038952, in press), 2010.
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