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研究生: 陳俊宇
Chen, Jun-Yu
論文名稱: 以監督式學習方法建立並行式多方電器辨識系統
Parallel Multi-Appliance Recognition System Using Supervised Learning Method
指導教授: 黃悅民
Huang, Yueh-Min
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工程科學系
Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 55
中文關鍵詞: 電器辨識智慧電表監督式學習
外文關鍵詞: appliances recognition, Smart Meter, supervised learning method
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  • 由於現今節能減碳的議題越來越被重視,一般家庭也能希望更明確的瞭解家庭中用電的資訊,為達到將傳統電表資訊轉換為人們可以容易得知的數位資訊,智慧電表(Smart Meter)開始廣泛的被使用。
    目前智慧電表的型態有兩種,一種為測量家庭總電量之電表,另一種則針對個別插座進行量測。前者雖然安裝方便,卻無法詳細得知家庭電器使用與電量之關係;後者雖可明確得知個別電器用電量,但因為一般家庭家電數量相當多,因此在安裝上有其困難度,並且也較難得知家庭總用電量。
    為此,本研究提出利用監督式學習建立並行式多方電器辨識系統,其利用電流感測器以及電壓感測器搭配微處理器設計成一個低成本之智慧電表,透過智慧電表所讀取到的電能資訊,進行模糊、電能特徵擷取之後,使用監督式學習的方法之一的支援向量機來進行不同電器的電能特徵分類,用以歸納出不同電器的分類特性並建立分類模型,最後藉由監督波形的變換擷取出電器運作波形後,使用支援向量機對波形所擷取出來之電能特徵進行判斷,便可於總電源端辨識出電器,改善當前智慧電表的缺陷。

    Due to recent attention toward power management and energy conservation, residents want to know the power consumption and related information of each appliance at home. For the purpose of translating traditional power meter readings into digital form for ease of displaying power consumption information to residents, the Smart Meter is widely used.
    There are now two types of Smart Meters, one meter measures the total power consumption of the residence while the other measures the power consumption in each power outlets individually. The first meter may be easier in installation, but cannot accurately display the relationship between the appliances and their power consumptions. The latter meter can accurately measure the power consumption by each appliance, but since the number of appliances in each residence is numerous, installation is difficult and harder to find the total power usage within the residence.
    Therefore, this study proposes a parallel multi-appliance recognition system using supervised learning method. This study designs a low-cost Smart Meter with current sensors, voltage sensors and microcontrollers to measure the power information. Using the power information read from the power meter, the fuzzy and power features are extracted. Then one of the supervised learning methods, Support Vector Machine is used to identify the appliances by their power features. It summarizes the classification of different appliances and establishes the classification model. Finally, this system polls the variation of power wave forms and extracts the wave form of the appliances in use. The wave form is used to get the power feature and let Support Vector Machine identify the appliance. Hence, it can recognize the appliances just by the power outlet readings in the residence and improve defects within the Smart Meter.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 VIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 章節提要 2 第二章 背景介紹與文獻回顧 4 2.1 Smart Grid 4 2.2 Smart Meter 4 2.3 HEMS 6 2.4 Appliance Recognition 7 2.5 資料探勘 7 2.5.1 資料探勘簡介 7 2.5.2 知識挖掘流程 8 2.5.3 資料探勘模型 10 2.5.4 資料分類 10 第三章 硬體平台介紹與設計 12 3.1 電能感測元件介紹 12 3.1.1 ACS714電流感測器晶片 12 3.1.2 變壓元件 14 3.2 微處理器開發版STM3210E-LK 14 3.3 智慧電表設計 16 第四章 系統原理與設計架構 20 4.1 電能資訊處理原理與相關流程 20 4.1.1 電能資訊處理流程 20 4.1.2 功率因數 23 4.1.3 電能特徵參數 26 4.1.4 針對精密家電之資料偏移進行模糊化處理 28 4.2 支援向量機分類模型 29 4.2.1 支援向量機簡介 29 4.2.2 SVM基本原理 29 4.2.3 SVM線性分割 30 4.2.4 SVM線性不可分割 32 4.2.5 SVM多重分割 34 4.2.6 SVM工具 34 4.3 辨識系統架構設計 36 4.4 SVM分類模型建立流程與電器分類依據 39 4.5 電器辨識流程 41 第五章 系統實作與結果分析 43 5.1 實驗假設 43 5.2 實驗環境 43 5.2 實驗步驟 46 5.3 實驗結果 47 5.3.1 libsvm係數最佳化 47 5.3.2 辨識率 48 5.3.3模糊程度對於辨識率以及辨識時間之影響 49 第六章 結論與未來展望 51 6.1 結論 51 6.2 未來展望 51 參考資料 52

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