在工作環境及工作任務執行上，許多動作是透過上肢來進行，而有些作業除了生理需大量使用，同時也會承受顯著心理負荷，例如畫家需描繪出決定好的圖形、廚師需按照步驟進行烹煮、理髮師須修剪出完整的髮型等，以上皆在任務執行下，生心理同時受到負荷影響，稱為並發任務(Concurrent task)。
本研究目的為探討進行任務一-動態肩膀並發任務時，其施加重量與算術難易度在績效以及兩台儀器，表面肌電儀、近紅外光譜儀之指標，是否有顯著的差異。二為量測任務二-手勢操作裝置 Leap Motion模擬任務時，認知負荷對於績效的影響及結果。三為探討本實驗之並發任務是中樞疲勞(central fatigue)或區域疲勞(peripheral fatigue)，當執行並發任務時，中樞持續進行運作，若產生缺氧情形，造成疲勞發生，是否會因此影響區域的疲勞，透過儀器數據及多面向的指標，期望找出趨勢，為本研究第三目的。
本實驗招募18位受試者，依序進行4組並發任務，其任務之自變項為施加重量及認知算術任務難易度兩種，並於任務前後分別進行兩次(Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contractions, MVIC)試驗，利用表面肌電儀(surface Electromyography, sEMG )及近紅外光譜儀(Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, NIRS )進行活動肌肉組織及腦前額葉的量測，探討變項間交互作用的關係。
研究結果顯示，受試者執行並發任務下，兩台儀器指標顯示，其生理負荷多半有顯著差異，且隨著時間的累積，受試者於任務後期之指標變化也有顯著改變，證實生理負荷任務會造成區域性疲勞；而在認知負荷方面幾乎無顯著差異，本研究認為可能是認知負荷量不足產生中樞疲勞，因此腦前額葉無量測到顯著變化量。而在任務績效方面，任務一與任務二之算數正確率均有顯著差異，代表其難易度有區分性；而任務二之模擬任務績效為不顯著，可能的原因為受試者間變異過大，使得績效指標無代表性，因此在任務與指標的選擇與評估，將需要更多的選擇。

In working environment and tasks execution, lots of tasks in substantial motions in upper extremities. Moreover, it is not uncommon that certain professions require continually exercising cognitive functions while performing those physical activities. For example, painters may need to picture image in their minds、chefs need to remember detailed steps to prepare a delicious cousines, and hair designer need to trim customers’ hair to a particular style. However, current understanding of how those concurrent tasks affect people’s task performance is still limited and worth to further example.
Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate how task performance changes in a concurrent task paradigm from the perspective of neuroergonomics. Through the measurement region of oxygen concentration, from the Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and Middle Deltoid (MD), this study also explored the physiological effects of fatigue on the force generation processes. Six types of concurrent tasks in four nonconsecutive days. The resulting accuracyof mental arithmetic task, muscle activation, regional tissue oxygenation, along with self-preceived exertion levels were measured for further analyes. The findings showed that there was significant difference in accuracy between the level of the arithmetic task, but not two different physical workloads. The results of EMG on prime movers demonstrated a significant difference on the main effect of the weight load applied on the wrist. That means physical demand is sufficient to cause regional fatigue. On the other hand, the effect of cognitive task difficulty was more profound among those synergists of tested shoulder movements. This maybe in part because that the physical load tested is too large to cover the effect of cognitive difficulty. Interestingly, the effect weight moved and cognitive difficulty were both significant in the change of oxygen—hemoglobin (O2Hb) measured on PFC. The underlying mechanisms about the observation should be further explored in the future research.

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