耐震診斷是建築結構耐震策略中最基本而必要的工具，可以幫助研究者和工程師掌握結構系統的特性與弱點，擬定適宜的耐震措施。台灣的學校建築通常具有典型的平面及結構系統，因而破壞也常呈現固定模式。從過去震害調查中，這些典型破壞模式已被觀察到並定性化。在本文中則進一步利用振動台之模擬地震試驗，對典型校舍建築之結構動態行為與破壞過程進行更深入且定量性的觀察與分析，並作為現有的中低層RC建築結構耐震診斷方法之驗證與修正依據，期望改進後之耐震診斷方法能提供在快速評估、震後補強等研究或工程方面之應用。
　　由三座不同結構系統之1/3縮尺RC校舍振動台試驗結果發現，由於現行結構設計方式多忽略樓板與窗台等非主要結構元素，造成對與樓板一體相連的梁構件強度與剛度之低估，而使得大部分損害集中於柱、牆等垂直構件，呈現弱柱強梁破壞模式。根據此一弱柱強梁破壞模式，本文之中低層RC建築結構非線性推垮曲線分析法可藉由疊合個別垂直構件側力-變形曲線的方式，求出整體樓層之層剪力-層間變位曲線。本文再根據能量消耗概念與RC材料之恢復力環特性，及由多次加載振動試驗結果所得之經驗參數，嘗試建立RC柱構件之多次震害後折損規則，依構件破壞模式不同，對每次震後側力-變形曲線加以剛度與強度逐次折減。最後則提出一套適用於中低層RC建築結構之實用耐震診斷法，依照合理假設之地震力豎向分配型態及ATC-40建議公式，可再將層剪力-層間變位曲線換算為基底剪力-屋頂位移能力曲線，並計算對應之等效週期、阻尼比與PGA，除可評估結構整體之崩塌地表加速度外，也可由特定PGA反推對應的構件破壞程度，亦可配合震後折損修正，應用於結構之震後與經年耐震評估。
　　補強前後試體之試驗結果顯示，壁量均勻且施作良好的翼牆補強可提升中低層RC校舍結構之耐震能力。試體之宏觀結構反應、破壞程度與動態特性之變化情形大致可互相對應，將損害度指標與基本振動週期關係量化時，則僅呈現不甚明確之二次曲線型正相關趨勢。經過考慮雙軸彎矩互制效應、箍筋之剪力強度計算方式、考慮撓剪互制效應、修正降伏前撓曲剛度折減係數、考慮握裹滑移變位、修正最大變位限制、考慮P-D效應以及RC牆之面外方向貢獻等幾項修正，本文修正後非線性推垮曲線分析法之預測曲線皆與試驗結果大致吻合。本文提出之中低層RC建築結構實用耐震診斷法經過與振動台試驗結果及實際校舍震害案例之比對，結果亦準確合理。

　　Seismic analysis is the essential of seismic strategy for building structures. It can help researchers and engineers to recognize the characteristics and weakness of a structure, and determine proper measures for resisting earthquake. School buildings in Taiwan usually have typical plan and structure system; therefore result in typical failure patterns, which have been qualified in the investigations of past earthquakes. In this dissertation, a series of shaking table tests of typical school building structure models is employed to simulate earthquakes, thus the dynamic behaviors and damage details of specimens can be observed and analyzed quantitatively. The test results also provide the basis for modification of a present seismic analysis method for low-rise RC building structures. It is expected that the improved method could be further used to related applications such like rapid seismic estimation and retrofitting after earthquake.
　　The results of shaking table tests of three 1/3-scaled RC school building models with different structure systems show a common “weak-column-strong-beam” failure mode. It is due to the underestimation of performance of beam, which in the present design methodology in Taiwan is usually improperly considered as a rectangular section without linked slabs or windowsills. According to the “weak-column-strong-beam” behavior, this dissertation presents a nonlinear pushover analysis method for low-rise RC building structures, which can calculate story shear-displacement curve by summing lateral force-deflection curve of each individual vertical member. Then base on concept of energy dissipation, hysteretic behaviors of RC material, and experiential factors obtained from shaking table tests with repeated excitation, a deterioration rule for RC column after multiple earthquakes is established. According to the failure mode and damage condition in previous earthquake, the rule makes lateral force-deflection curve of RC column deteriorated by reducing stiffness and strength. Finally, a practical seismic analysis method is presented. Through a reasonable assumed distribution of lateral forces, the capacity curve can be derived from the story shear-displacement curves. And by using equations suggested by ATC-40, the corresponding capacity spectrum, period, damping ratio and PGA can also be obtained. This method can provide not only collapse PGA of a low-rise RC building structure, but also damage conditions of members at a specific PGA. Combining with the deterioration rule for RC column after multiple earthquakes, it can also be applied to seismic analysis for after-earthquake or aged buildings.
　　The test results of new-built and retrofitted specimens’ show that well constructed and properly positioned wing-walls can increase the seismic performance of low-rise RC school building structures; likewise a separation with sufficient width between windowsill and column can prevent short-column effect. The structural responses, damage progress, and dynamic characteristics vary relatively to each other. However, an attempt to derive quantitative relationship between damage index and fundamental period just results in an unclear quadratic fitting. After modification of: biaxial bending effect, shear contribution of hoops, interaction of bending and shear, reducing factor for flexural stiffness before yielding, extra deflection due to bond slip, limitation of allowable maximum deflection, P-D effect, and RC walls’ contribution in out-of-plane direction, the modified analytical curves approximately match the test results. The comparison of analytical results of the practical seismic analysis method and results from shaking table test as well as two school buildings damaged in past earthquake also shows reasonable accuracy.

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