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研究生: 傅泰均
Fu, Tai-Chun
論文名稱: 利用相位法產生虛擬揚聲器與揚聲器校正
Creating Virtual Loudspeakers and Placement Adjustment of Real Loudspeakers Using Phasor Methods
指導教授: 王大中
Wang, Ta-Chung
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 77
中文關鍵詞: 雙工原理虛擬揚聲器最佳揚聲器位置演算法聲場重現
外文關鍵詞: Duplex Theory, Virtual Loudspeaker, Optimal Loudspeaker Placement Algorithm, Reproduction of Sound Field
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  • 傳統的立體音研究始於Blumlein,隨著時間的演進,人們追求虛擬實境系統和要求更好的聽覺環境,並使用多組揚聲器去建立一個完整多層面的環境,例如杜比數位或DTS環繞技術都是建立在多揚聲器的環境之上。
    無論如何杜比數位和DTS,為了擁有一個好的聲場,他們對於多通的揚聲器的最佳位置在傾聽者和揚聲器之間都有要求特殊的角度範圍,但是如此的要求會產生一個問題:當環境限制造成這個最佳位置要求無法達成時,我們就無法擁有一個比較好的聲場。
    本文的目的就是利用聲場重現的方式解決這個位置擺設的問題,首先我們利用時間差和強度差作為波場合成的原理,然後用虛擬揚聲器產生聲場並加以分析,接著我們獲得真實揚聲器的訊號,並且利用最小平方誤差產生與虛擬聲場近似的真實聲場,最後使用驗證工具,就是利用量測空間中訊號增益最大的方向來判斷虛擬揚聲器產生的位置,除了聲場重現之外,本文還提出揚聲器距離和角度的誤差修正方式,校正揚聲器擺放位置的誤差。

    The traditional stereo research is first developed by Blumlein. As time goes by, people pursue a virtual reality stereo system and pay more attention to the auditory environment. The integrated and multi-level environment is thus established by means of placing several groups of loudspeakers. For example, the Dolby Digital or DTS surrounding technology are built upon this multi-speaker environment. However, both Dolby Digital and DTS require optimal placements of multi-channel loudspeakers which require specific angles between loudspeakers and listeners in order to achieve a better sound field. Problems arise when the optimal placement may not be available due to the inherent environment settings. The perceived sound field may degrade inherently.
    This paper aims to solve the placement issue by means of sound field reappearance. The method is specified as follows. First, interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural intensity difference (IID) are employed using the principle of wave field synthesis. Then we analyze the sound field generated by virtual loudspeakers. Next step is to obtain sound signals of real loudspeakers that produce the sound field close to that of the virtual loudspeakers by means of minimizing least square errors. Lastly, verification tools are used to verify the location of the produced virtual loudspeakers by detection of signal magnitude.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT III 誌謝 V 目錄 VI 圖目錄 IX 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 2 1.3 相關文獻 3 1.4 大綱 6 第二章 基礎理論 7 2.1 相位法 7 2.2 基礎聲學理論 8 2.2.1 聲音基本性質 8 2.2.2 聲音波形 10 2.2.3 音效類型 13 2.3 聲場重現原理 15 2.3.1 雙工原理 16 2.3.2 克希赫夫-赫姆茲積分 20 2.3.3 假人頭測量 23 第三章 虛擬揚聲器陣列 25 3.1 虛擬揚聲器 25 3.2 最佳化揚聲器位置演算法 26 3.3 揚聲器校正 35 第四章 聲場分析驗證 42 4.1 工作空間 42 4.2 真實揚聲器的擺設實驗 44 4.2.1 虛擬揚聲器方向性驗證分析 44 4.2.2 對稱型擺法 47 4.2.3 常見揚聲器配置:沙發靠牆 48 4.2.4 三角形配置 51 4.2.5 汽車駕駛座的虛擬揚聲器方向性驗證分析 54 4.2.6 汽車駕駛座的最佳化真實揚聲器的擺設 56 4.2.7 汽車駕駛座的聲場改善方法 60 4.2.8 頻率範圍討論 61 4.3 合成範圍的比較 63 4.3.1 雙耳在聲場合成位置 63 4.3.2 頭部轉動雙耳離開聲場重現位置 66 第五章 結論 68 參考文獻 71 附錄1 73 附錄2 75

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