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研究生：	鄭勝隆 Jeng, Sheng-Long
論文名稱：	鎳基690合金與SUS 304L不銹鋼異種金屬銲接特性與微結構研究 Microstructure and Characteristics of the Dissimilar Welding of Nickel-based Alloy 690 to SUS 304L
指導教授：	李驊登 Lee, Hwa-Teng
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2003
畢業學年度：	91
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	150
中文關鍵詞：	Nb 、異種金屬銲接、SUS 304L 、鎳基690合金、碳化物、氮化物、GTAW 、Ti 、微結構、SMAW
外文關鍵詞：	Nb, Ti, SMAW, GTAW, dissimilar welding, SUS 304L, nickel-based alloy 690, carbide, nitride, microstructure
相關次數：	點閱：164 下載：5
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鎳基690合金具有極佳的耐蝕能力，而常被用於能源、化學等工業中，因此，其異種金屬銲件也具有極大的使用潛力。本研究在探討鎳基690合金與SUS 304L不銹鋼之異種金屬銲接特性與微結構。研究中鎳基690合金與SUS 304L不銹鋼異種金屬銲件先在gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)製程中，使用Inconel filler metal 52與Inconel filler metal 82 (52, 82)，以比較兩者在組織、機械性能與抗蝕能力；之後再以shield metal arc welding製程進行異種金屬銲接，銲條為參考Inconel welding electrode 152成份，使用52為心線，藉由改變塗料的Nb與Ti含量，來改變銲條成份(Nb: 0.1~3.35wt-%, Ti: 0.09~0.91wt-%)，分析Nb與Ti兩者對銲道組織、機械性質與耐蝕性能的影響。
研究結果顯示G-82銲件因銲接速度較快，總入熱量較低，銲道組織為柱狀枝晶，有較多枝晶間組織，為富Nb組織、富Ti組織與細小的TiN與(Ti,Nb)N顆粒；G-52銲道組織是以胞狀晶為主，含富Ti的枝晶間組織與細小TiN顆粒，而其銲根有碳化鉻明顯析出，但整體上，晶界附近的鉻含量仍較高。機械性質上，G-82的銲道硬度、抗拉強度與延伸率均較G-52佳，兩者的拉伸斷口皆呈延性，其中G-82斷在鎳基690合金，而G-52則斷在銲道； G-52則具有較佳的抗沿晶腐蝕能力，枝晶間與晶界為兩銲道的主要腐蝕位置。
改變Nb與Ti含量的研究顯示，Nb的增加促使銲道組織而由胞狀晶轉變為柱狀枝晶與等軸枝晶，二次臂與枝晶間組織也隨之長出與增加，低Nb試件之銲冠含Al-Ti氧化物，銲根有晶界碳化物明顯析出；高Nb試件的銲冠含Nb3Ni2Si與較大的富Nb組織，銲跟則有細小(Nb,Ti)CN顆粒與較小富Nb組織。Ti增加則使銲道外觀與銲接作業性皆隨之變差，所有試件的銲道組織皆相同—為等軸枝晶，銲冠枝晶隨Ti添加量而細化，此外，銲道含Al-氧化物、富Nb組織與(Nb,Ti)C，這些物質的Ti含量隨添加量而增加，銲根則無晶界碳化鉻析出。
機械性質變化上， Nb明顯提升銲冠硬度，但卻會降低銲件延伸率，其微觀斷口趨向枝晶間脆裂，中間添加的Nb具有較佳的抗沿晶耐蝕能力，低Nb與高Nb各自出現明顯晶界與枝晶間的腐蝕；添加Ti可增加銲道硬度與延伸率，微觀斷口之韌窩隨之變為細密，沿晶腐蝕試驗顯示銲道的腐蝕形貌會由相連狀轉變為較密的圓點狀。

Nickel-based alloy 690 has superior corrosion resistance. It is commonly employed in energy and chemical industries, and thus is used frequently in applications requiring dissimilar welding. This study investigates the characteristics and microstructure of dissimilar welding of nickel-based alloy 690 to SUS 304L. First, 690/304 dissimilar weldments performed with gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) using Inconel Filler Metal 52 and Inconel Filler Metal 82 (52, 82) are compared for microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Then, 690/304 dissimilar weldments performed with shield metal arc welding (SMAW, based on the Inconel Welding Electrode 152, welding electrodes using 52 as core wire and changing the flux for different Nb and Ti content, Nb 0.1~3.35wt-pct, Ti 0.09~0.91 wt-pct.) are further analyzed for Nb and Ti content effects on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Results indicate that the G-82 weldment has a lower total heat input than the G-52 due to higher welding speed, with a columnar dendritic fusion zone (FZ) microstructure containing many interdendritic phases consisting of Ti-rich and Nb-rich phases and also tiny TiN and (Ti,Nb)N particles. The G-52 FZ microstructure is mainly cellular, comprising Ti-rich phase and tiny TiNs. Although the G-52 root contains obvious Cr-carbide precipitates, the Cr content near the grain boundary is higher than the G-82 as a whole. Mechanical property test indicates that G-82 has higher FZ hardness, tensile strength and pct. elongation. Fracture shows that G-52 and G-82 rupture ductily at fusion zone and alloy 690, respectively. Intergranular corrosion resistance is better for G-52.
Results of Nb and Ti content show that Nb makes FZ microstructural change from cellular to columnar dendritic and equiaxed dendritic, with second dendritic arm space growing and interdendritic phase increasing. In low-Nb FZ, the cap contains Al-Ti oxides, and root has extensive Cr-carbides on grain boundaries. In high-Nb FZ, the cap has Nb3Ni2Si and over 10mm Nb-rich phase while the root has large Nb-rich phases with 50 nm (Nb,Ti)CNs. Ti addition changes the weldment appearance and reduces welding operational feasibility. All tested Ti weldments have equiaxed dendritic microstructure that shows finer cap structure with Ti increase. The FZ contains Al-oxides, Nb-rich phase and (Nb,Ti)C and Ti content of those materials also increases with Ti addition. Grain boundaries show little Cr-carbide precipitation.
Nb addition increases cap hardness, reduces weldment elongation, and changes the fracture surface to fragile rupture at interdendritic regions. An intermediate level of Nb gives the best corrosion resistance, low-Nb showing obvious grain boundary corrosion and high-Nb showing obvious interdendritic corrosion. Ti addition increases both FZ hardness and elongation, and fractures surface dimples become smaller and denser. With Ti addition, linked-hole corrosion changes to pitting.

摘要                                                                             I
英文摘要                                                                        II
誌謝                                                                           III
總目錄                                                                          IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄                                                                                                                                               VIII
符號與簡寫表                                                                  XIII
第一章 前言與文獻回顧	                                                       1
1 前言	                                                                       1
2 文獻回顧                                                                     2
第二章理論基礎	                                                                  6
1 異種金屬銲接                                                                 6
1.1 母材的選擇                                                                 6
1.2 銲材的選擇                                                                 7
1.3 銲接方法                                                                   7
1.4 合金稀釋容忍度與計算母材稀釋率                                             8
1.5 異種金屬銲接的要求                                                         8
2 銲接材料                                                                    10
2.1  SUS 304L不銹鋼                                                           10
2.2 鎳基690合金                                                               14
2.3 鎳基690合金適用的銲材                                                     23
2.4 Schaeffler圖                                                              24
3 凝固理論                                                                    25
3.1 熔融區與熱影響區的定義                                                    25
3.2 熔融區組織                                                                26
4 合金元素的作用與添加影響                                                    30
4.1 添加Nb元素的影響                                                          30
4.2 添加Ti元素的影響                                                          32
4.2 添加Nb與Ti元素的相互影響                                                  33
第三章 實驗方法與步驟                                                           36
1 實驗流程                                                                    36
2 材料                                                                        36
2.1 母材                                                                      36
2.2 銲材                                                                      39
3 銲接試驗                                                                    39
3.1 銲接試件尺寸                                                              39
3.2  GTAW銲接                                                                 41
3.3  SMAW銲接                                                                 41
3.4 銲件檢測                                                                  44
4 微結構分析與機械性質測試                                                    44
4.1 金相觀察                                                                  44
4.2 微結構分析與試片製備                                                      45
4.3 硬度試驗                                                                  46
4.4 拉伸測試                                                                  46
4.5 斷口分析                                                                  47
4.6 腐蝕實驗                                                                  47
第四章 結果與討論                                                               48
1 52與82之銲接性質分析(GTAW)                                                  48
1.1 銲接作業性                                                                48
1.2 母材與熱影響區域                                                          50
1.3 銲道組織                                                                  53
1.4 結構組織分析(TEM)                                                         58
1.5 機械性質試驗                                                              71
1.6 腐蝕試驗                                                                  74
1.7 綜合討論                                                                  77
2在銲藥中改變銲條Nb含量之銲接性質分析(SMAW)                                   80
2.1 銲接作業性                                                                80
2.2 銲道組織                                                                  81
2.3 結構組織分析(TEM)                                                         91
2.4 組織綜合討論                                                              92
2.5 機械性質                                                                 103
2.6 腐蝕試驗                                                                 107
2.7 綜合討論                                                                 107
3在銲藥中改變銲條Ti含量之銲接性質分析(SMAW)                                  112
3.1 銲接作業性                                                               112
3.2 銲道金相                                                                 114
3.3 結構組織分析(TEM)                                                        120
3.4 組織綜合討論                                                             130
3.5 機械性質試驗                                                             131
3.6 腐蝕實驗                                                                 136
3.7 綜合討論                                                                 139
第五章 結論與建議                                                              141
參考文獻                                                                       145
                                    

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