多數的擬啄木 (Barbets) 為食果性 (frugivorous) 的鳥類，且為森林中潛在且重要的種子傳播者，但其食性的研究卻十分缺乏。 五色鳥 (Taiwan Barbet; Megalaima nuchalis Gould, 1863) 為擬啄木的成員，廣泛分佈於台灣中低海拔的森林中，並於2006年時被更正為台灣的特有種，但關於其食物資源利用和覓食行為的探討仍十分缺乏。 本研究結合野外的行為觀察和室內的操作實驗，以了解五色鳥果實資源的利用和其對種子傳播的影響。 以直接觀察法 (direct observations) 記錄五色鳥取食果實的行為，並同時調查樣區內果實的結實物候，另外採集與測量五色鳥有取食紀錄的果實，藉以評估五色鳥的食物資源利用和覓食行為。 另外，在室內進行餵食實驗，以取得五色鳥排出種子的時間，並與其野外的覓食行為相互對照，以評估各種種子被五色鳥帶離母樹的可能性。 在餵食實驗結束後，收集五色鳥排泄或回吐的種子，與完整果實和經人工去除果肉的種子一同進行種子發芽的實驗，以測試五色鳥消化作用對種子發芽的影響。
研究結果顯示，五色鳥為廣食 (generalist) 且絕對 (obligate) 的食果性鳥類，並且以機會性 (opportunistic) 的方式搜尋森林中的果實。 果樹結實株數 (number of fruiting trees) 和果實生物量 (fruit biomass) 越高，五色鳥造訪的頻度也越高，其中以果樹結實株數的效應較大。 經由偏好指數的計算，發現五色鳥對於不同種類的果實具有不同程度的偏好。 五色鳥每次造訪果樹的時間大多小於5 min，每次大多取食一個回合，每回合取食1 ~ 3顆果實，每回合的取食時間約為1 ~ 3 min，若結束覓食後會在1 min內離開果樹。 在本研究中，追蹤五色鳥覓食後的移動距離最遠為150 m。 五色鳥取食果實的方式受到果實寬度的左右，以16 mm為分界，小於此數值者以吞食 (swallowing) 的方式取食，大於者改以啄食 (pecking) 的方式取食。 對照五色鳥野外的覓食行為與消化種子的時間後發現，受測的19種果實中，五色鳥可將其中的14種種子全數帶離母樹。 在種子發芽實驗的結果中，除了青楊梅 (Myrica adenophora Hance) 和珊瑚樹 (Viburnum odoratissimum Ker) 的種子因具有休眠性而無法發芽外，其餘有發芽的17種種子中，11種 (65 %) 的種子在未經處理的完整果實中無法發芽或是發芽率偏低 (< 10 %)，需經由人工去除果肉或經五色鳥取食後才能順利發芽。 進一步分析後發現，促進種子發芽的主要機制為消化作用中的去抑制效應 (deinhibition effect) 而非磨蝕效應 (scarification effect)。 由本研究的結果可知，五色鳥會取食許多種類的果實，並且可以將大多數的種子帶離母樹，其消化作用還能促進和加速種子的發芽，因此五色鳥確實為森中重要的種子傳播者，但關於五色鳥傳播種子的距離仍需進一步的確認。

Many species of barbets are primarily frugivorous and potential or actual seed dispersers. Studies of food resources for barbets, nevertheless, remain little studied. The Taiwan barbet (Megalaima nuchalis Gould, 1863) is endemic to Taiwan and occurs in forest from lowlands to mid-elevation mountains. This study investigated food resource use by Taiwan barbets and its effects on seed dispersal. Direct observations were adopted to record foraging behaviors of barbets. Fruits of species that barbets fed on were also collected for morphometric measurements. I also conducted feeding and germination experiments to count seed retention time, and to estimate the effects of digestion, respectively.
Taiwan barbets appeared to be generalists and obligate frugivores, and were opportunistic in searching fruits. Fruiting species with more number of fruiting trees and larger fruit biomass were visited more frequently by barbets, and the former factor was particularly important. Barbets revealed variable degrees of preferences for different fruiting species, with Myrica adenophora Hance as the most preferred species. In each visitation, barbets spent less than 5 min staying in fruiting trees, then left within 1 min after eating 1 - 3 fruits. The gape width of barbets set a limitation, roughly around 16 mm, under which barbets either swallowed or pecked a fruit, depending on its size. For 14 out of the 19 fruiting species visited by barbets, they took all ingested seeds away from materal trees, and up to 150 m. In germination experiments, no seeds of M. adenophora and Viburnum odoratissimum Ker germinated because of the mechanism of dormancy. Among other 17 fruit species, eleven (65 %) did not germinate, or showed only low germination percentage (< 10 %) when the seeds were in intact fruits, unless pulps were removed through artificial or digestion processes. The latter treatments improved both the success rate and speed of seed germination. Further analysis indicated the deinhibition effect as the major mechanism promoting seed germination, rather than the scarification effect. My results indicate that Taiwan Barbet can be considered as a good seed disperser, and is capable of improving seed germination. The distance of seeds actually dispersed from parent trees by barbets and its effects require further investigations.

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