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研究生： 柯貞妍
Yanar, Kezban
論文名稱： 學生與移工之間： 台灣印尼留學⽣的誤認、階級與認同管理
Between Students and Workers: Misrecognition, Class, and Identity Management among Indonesian Students in Taiwan
指導教授： 曾薰慧
Tseng, Hsun-hui
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 文學院 - 台灣文學系
Department of Taiwanese Literature
論文出版年： 2026
畢業學年度： 114
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 86
外文關鍵詞： Indonesian Students, Misrecognition, Class, Identity Management
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    • This thesis examines how Indonesian students at National Cheng Kung University (NCKU) navigate racialized perceptions and misrecognition in Taiwan, where Indonesians are widely associated with migrant labor. Drawing on qualitative interviews and participant observation, it explores how these students experience being read as “workers” rather than “students,” how intra-Indonesian class hierarchies shape their relations with migrant workers, and how they manage their identities as racialized and religious minorities in everyday interactions.

    At the same time, the thesis highlights how class, gender, and nationality intersect in shaping these experiences. Many participants come from middle-class, urban, highly educated backgrounds and distinguish themselves from Indonesian migrant workers by emphasizing differences in education, dress, and lifestyle. Women who wear hijab are read simultaneously as Muslim and Indonesian, making them highly visible and more likely to be slotted into familiar scripts of domestic and care work, while male students are more often associated with manufacturing or fishing roles.

    The analysis shows that Indonesian students engage in ongoing identity management through clothing, documentation, language choice, and selective disclosure. They perform “student” identities by dressing neatly, wearing or displaying student IDs, and clarifying their status when misrecognized, while sometimes downplaying their student position in interactions with workers. Empirically, the study contributes to scholarship on international students and Southeast Asian migration by showing that Indonesian students occupy a stratified position at the boundary between higher education and low-wage migrant labor, positioned between the promise of global mobility and the weight of racialized and gendered stereotypes.

    ABSTRACT I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF TABLES VIII LIST OF FIGURES IX CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 10 1.1 . Research Context 12 1.1.1. Migration Landscape of Taiwan 12 1.1.2. Racialized and Gendered Labor Market 13 1.1.3. Defining Migrant Workers and the Indonesian Migrant Image 15 1.1.4. Defining Stereotype 16 1.1.5. Impact on Indonesian Student Migrants 17 1.1.6. Research Motivation 17 1.2. Methodology 22 1.2.1. Research Participants 24 1.2.2. Data Collection 24 1.2.3. Positionality 25 1.2.4. Ethics 27 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 29 2.1. Part I: Background 30 2.1.1. Indonesian Social Class and Migration 30 2.1.2. Indonesian Migration to Taiwan 32 2.1.3. Student Migration to Taiwan and Racialized Experiences 34 2.1.4. Southeast Asian Representations in Taiwanese Media 39 2.1.5. The Research Gap 42 2. Part II: Theoretical Framework 44 2.2.1. Stigma and Stigmatized Identity (Goffman) 44 2.2.2. Intersectionality 46 2.2.3. Performativity and the Interaction Order 48 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH FINDINGS & ANALYSIS 51 3.1 Stereotypes and Misrecognition 51 3.1.1. Being Read as “Worker” 51 3.1.2. Attitude Shifts after Recognition as “Student” 53 3.1.3. Misrecognition Across Different Interlocutors 57 3.2. Intra-Indonesia Hierarchies and Class 58 3.2.1 Classed Trajectories and Educational Capital 59 3.2.2 Moralizing Workers: Behaviour, Village Origins, and “Wildness” 60 3.2.3 Distance, Respect, and Internalized Hierarchies 61 3.3 Identity Management and Performativity 62 3.3.1 Clothing, Student IDs, and Visible Cues 63 3.3.2 Language Choice and Strategic Disclosure 64 3.3.3 Negotiating Distance with Workers 65 CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH RESULTS 67 4.1 An Overview of the Discussion 67 4.2 Stigma, Stereotypes, and Misrecognition 67 4.2.1 Goffman’s Stigma and Spoiled Student Identities 67 4.2.2 Racialized Perception and the Hierarchy of Foreigners 68 4.3 Intersectional Class Hierarchies within the Indonesian Diaspora 69 4.3.1 Pre-existing Class Divisions and Transnational Reproduction 69 5.3.2 Moralizing Discourses and Internalized Stigma 70 4.4 Performativity, Identity Management, and Everyday Negotiation 70 4.4.1 Performing ‘Student’ and ‘Worker’ Identities 70 4.4.2 The Interaction Order and the Micro-politics of Misrecognition 71 4.5 Contributions and Implications 73 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 74 5.1 Restating the Aim and Research Questions 74 6.2 Summary of Key Findings 74 6.3 Contributions of the Study 75 6.4 Limitations 76 6.5 Directions for Future Research 77 REFERENCES 79 APPENDICES 82 Appendix 1: Sample Interview Questions 82 Appendix 2: Participant Profile Table 83

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