| 研究生: |
蔡宜靜 Tsai, I-Ching |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
探討運用雲端資訊科技對孕期自我健康管理之成效 Effectiveness of Cloud Information Technology for Self- health Management in Pregnancy |
| 指導教授: |
許玉雲
Hsu, Yu-Yun |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
醫學院 - 護理學系 Department of Nursing |
| 論文出版年: | 2014 |
| 畢業學年度: | 102 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 89 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 懷孕婦女 、孕期壓力 、自我效能 、雲端資訊科技 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | prenatal women, pregnancy stress, self-efficacy, cloud information technology |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:105 下載:7 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
研究背景:
女性孕育新生命是一生中最重要的過渡期,在懷孕過程也可能充滿了壓力
,促進懷孕婦女周產期安全,是產科護理學的重要目標。運用雲端資訊系統照護病患已成為一種趨勢,然而,目前台灣較少探討運用雲端資訊科技提供孕期婦女健康照護。
研究目的:
本研究主要目的為,探討「雲端資訊孕期自我健康管理系統」對懷孕婦女孕期壓力與自我效能之成效,以及探討使用「雲端資訊孕期自我健康管理系統」之滿意度。
研究方法:
本研究為類實驗性研究設計,研究介入措施:「雲端資訊孕期自我健康管理系統」由工程科學系與護理學系共同開發,提供實驗組婦女於孕期使用此系統,而控制組婦女提供一般性孕期健康照護,收案流程避免情境因素干擾,故先收控制組再收實驗組,以立意取樣方式,選取南部某醫學中心婦產科門診之懷孕婦女,本研究控制組有67位婦女及實驗組有68位婦女,共135人。收案時間點:懷孕婦女於16 ~ 24週進行前測,於36~38週進行後測,研究工具以孕期壓力量表、自我效能量表、孕期照護品質滿意度問卷及孕期自我照護資訊系統滿意度問卷,研究結果以SPSS17.0進行描述性統計、t檢定、One-Way ANOVA、及ANCOVA檢定等進行資料統計分析。
結果:
本研究共135位懷孕婦女參加(控制組67位婦女,實驗組68位婦女),研究結果在組間效應方面,以ANCOVA控制前測變項,實驗組婦女在介入措施後,孕期壓力之降低(F=12.90,P<.001)及自我效能之提升(F=17.61,P<.001),皆顯著優於控制組婦女。
結論/實務應用:
本研究顯示雲端資訊系統能改善懷孕婦女孕期壓力、提升自我效能及提升孕期照護滿意度,且透過雲端資訊系統可應用於臨床業務,進而提升孕期照護品質。
SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of cloud information system of pregnant care in prenatal women’s stress, self-efficacy. This study applied a quasi-experimental research design. A cloud information system of prenatal care self-management was developed by a professional team including Engineering Sciences and Nursing. There were two groups : experimental group(EG) and control group(CG).
A total of 135 pregnant women participated in study, this study (CG=67 ; EG=68). After controlling for pretest scores of pregnancy stress and self-efficacy, women in experimental group had significant lower pregnant stress(F= 12.90,P<.001) and higher self-efficacy (F= 17.61,P<.001) than had control group. This study reveals the cloud information system of prenatal care self-management can reduce the pregnant stress and enhance self-efficacy among pregnant women.
INTRODUCTION
Women’s pregnancy is the most important transition in women’s lifespan. Pregnant women may confront stresses during the period (Chou & Chen, 2001). A major goal of Obstetric nursing is to promote women`s safety during pregnancy. A applying cloud information system to patient in care has become a trend (Vujin & Milenkovic, 2012). However, few studies explored the effectiveness of applying cloud information system in health care for pregnant women in Taiwan.
MATERIALS AND MATHODS
This study applied a quasi-experimental research design. There were two groups : experimental group(EG) and control group(CG). EG received「cloud information system of prenatal care of self-management」, women in CG received general health-care. A time series procedure was applied to collect data control group was conducted first, then experimental group. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit pregnant participants. Data was collected at two time points to the pregnant participants: pregnancy 16 ~ 24 weeks (pre-test) and pregnancy 36 ~ 38 weeks (post-post). Research instruments included the Pregnancy Stress Scale、Self-efficacy Scale 、Pregnancy Care Satisfaction Questionnaire and Pregnant Care Information System Satisfaction Scale. Data analysis are performed with descriptive statistics、t-test、One-Way ANOVA and ANCOVA test by SPSS17.0.
RESULTS
A total of 135 pregnant women participated in study, this study (CG=67 ; EG=68). After controlling for pretest scores of pregnancy stress and self-efficacy, women in experimental group had significant lower pregnant stress(F= 12.90,P<.001) (Figure 1) and higher self-efficacy (F= 17.61,P<.001) (Figure 2) than had control group.
CONCLUSION
This study reveals the cloud information system of prenatal care self-management can reduce the pregnant stress and enhance self-efficacy among pregnant women. The empirical results show the cloud information system can be applied to pregnant care in clinical work.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author would like to acknowledge the prenatal women who made this study, and
thank Prof. Yu-Yun Hsu, Prof. Ting-Wei Hou , and Dr. Chiung-Hsin Chang for their help with the design of this study.
REFERENCES
Chou, F.H & Chen, C.H(2001). The Perception and Nursing Care Needs for Women with Nausea and Vomiting during Pregnancy. Journal of the Chang Gung,12(4),261-270.
Vujin, V., & Milenkovic, M. J. (2012). Implementation of Cloud Computing in The Health Care System. Metalurgia International, 17(9), 161-165.
中文部分
陳彰惠、陳惠敏、黃德慧(1989).懷孕婦女第三妊娠相關壓力源.高雄醫學雜誌,5(9),505-509。
王秀香、邱芳慧、洪玉薇、楊淑芳、周培萱、蔣亞萍(2005).新竹某教學醫院之孕婦身體不適症狀與心理壓力調查.元培學報,12,67-77。
方惠珍、劉介宇、戴蕙蓮、陳治平、高美玲(2011).健康諮詢介入措施對非住院高危險妊娠孕婦不確定感、壓力與生產結果之成效.護理暨健康照護研究,7(1),3-13。
王秀禾、李麗珠、郭素青、周培萱、賴玉敏(2011).產前教育介入對東南亞籍跨國婚姻婦女的妊娠知識、態度成效之探討.健康管理學刊,9(2),53- 63。
周汎澔、陳彰惠(2001) .婦女孕期噁心嘔吐之內心感受與護理需求.長庚護理, 12(4), 261-270。
徐禎美、陳彰惠(2008).孕期憂鬱的盛行率和預測因子.實證護理,4(2),149-156。
許貂琳、陳彰惠(2001).第三孕期孕婦的壓力與孕期親子聯結之探討.高雄醫學雜誌,17(1),36-45。
郭嘉琪、王秀紅(2012).系統性文獻回顧自我管理在國內慢性病介入研究之應用.護理暨健康照護研究,,8(1),52-62。
郭碧照、李麗珠、王郁茗、李淑杏(2003).產前教育模式對生殖科技懷孕婦女安適感成效之探討.中山醫學雜誌,14(1),89-98。
翁敏雪、李從業、李文宗(2003).產前錄影帶衛教介入措施對產婦分娩自我控制成效之探討.新臺北護理期刊,5(2),49-58。
陳惠敏、陳彰惠(1996).比較青少年孕婦與育齡孕婦在妊娠第三期的心理壓力及社會支持.高雄醫學雜誌,12(3), 183-192。
張迺馨、邱啟潤、王金洲、蘇茂昌、駱淑惠(2013).慢性阻塞性肺疾病人健康內外控與呼吸困難自我管理策略之相關性研究,護理暨健康照護研究,9(1)42-52。
陳彰惠、張美月(2000).撫觸療法在分娩護理的運用一種歷史悠久的新技術.護理雜誌,47(3),28-32。
黃美娟、林麗娟、洪志秀(2008).第二型糖尿病患自我照顧行爲及其相關因素之探討.長期照護雜誌,12(2),191-201。
劉秀珍、陳春賢、李絳桃(2011).網路化孕期健康照護系統對懷孕婦女服務滿意度之成效.助產雜誌,(53),35-45。
張盈寬、陳惟華、劉杭生(2004).產前檢查的重要性.國防醫學,26(2),85-88。
翁敏雪(2000).一位經產婦懷孕之壓力及處置.國防醫學,30(3),266-267。
江政哲、張迺貞(2010)。初探雲端運算。2010海峽兩岸圖書資訊學術研討會論文集,B(Ⅱ37-Ⅱ51)。
張錦姝(2011)。評價生產教育方案對於婦女生產自我效能、疼痛及焦慮之成效(碩士論文)。國立臺北護理學院,台北市。
崔美珊(2013)。整合智慧型手機之孕期照護資訊系統(碩士論文)。國立成功大學,台南市。
鍾明男(2009)。雲端服務可獲利商業模式之探索性研究(碩士論文)。國立台灣科技大學,台北市。
朱明添(2012)。中醫雲端照護模式之建立-以糖尿病為例(碩士論文)。元智大學,桃園市。
劉岡靈(2012)。醫療雲之營運模式與策略分析(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,台北市。
許賓鄉(2011)。雲端服務模式探討:以銀髮族居家安全健康互動雲端服務為例(碩士論文)。國立台灣科技大學,台北市。
王祥安(2011)。智慧型雲端服務系統建立之研究以慢性腎臟病檢測與風險評估為例(碩士論文)。輔仁大學,台北市。
簡聖哲(2011)。雲端服務導向之冠狀動脈心臟病風險評估決策輔助系統建立之研究(碩士論文)。輔仁大學,台北市。
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2013),取自
http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPNet/Web/Books/manual_content02.aspx
英文部分
Arnold, R. W., Jacob, J., & Matrix, Z. (2012). A cloud-based electronic medical record for scheduling, tracking, and documenting examinations and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus, 49(6), 342-346. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20120710-01
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory
of behavioral change.Psychological review, 84(2), 191.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. AmericanPsychologist, 37(2), 122-147.
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentive perspective. Annual Review Of Psychology, 52, 1-26.
Botts, Nathan E., Horan, Thomas A., & Thoms, Brian P.
(2011). Health ATM:Person al health cyberinfrastructure
for underserved populations. AmericanJournal of Preventive
Medicine, 40(5, Supplement 2), S115-S122. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.01.016
Bryanton, J., Gagnon, A. J, Johnston, C., & Hatem, M.
(2008). Predictors of women’s perceptions of the
childbirth experience. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic,
& Neonatal Nursing, 37(1), 24-34.
Buckwalter, J.G., & Simpson, S.W. (2002). Psychological
factors in the etiology and treatment of severe nausea and
vomiting in pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and
gynecology, 186(5), S210-S214.
Barnett, M. (2009) . Promoting self-management for patients
with COPD. Journal of Community Nursing, 23(9), 4−10.
Chen, C. H. (2013).Revision and validation of a scale to
assess pregnancy stress.Journal of Nursing Research (in
review).
Cardwell, M. S. (2013). Stress: Pregnancy considerations.
Obstetrical &Gynecological Survey, 68(2), 119-129. doi:
10.1097/OGX.0b013e31827f2481
Coleman, S., Briffa, N. K., Carroll, G., Inderjeeth, C.,
Cook, N., & McQuade, J. (2012). A randomised controlled
trial of a self-management education program for
osteoarthritis of the knee delivered by health care
professionals. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 14(1). doi:
10.1186/ar3703
Coster, S., & Norman, I. (2009). Cochrane reviews of
educational andself-management interventions to guide
nursing practice: a review. Int J Nurs Stud, 46(4), 508-
528. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.09.009
Creer, T.L., Renne, C.M., & Christian, W.P. (1976).
Behavioral contributions to rehabilitation and childhood
asthma. Rehabilitation Literature.
de Jongh, T., Gurol-Urganci, I., Vodopivec-Jamsek, V., Car,
J., & Atun, R. (2012). Mobile phone messaging for
facilitating self-management of long-term illnesses.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(12). doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD007459.pub2
Dole, Nancy, Savitz, David A, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Siega-
Riz, Anna Maria, McMahon, Michael J, & Buekens, Pierre.
(2003). Maternal stress and preterm birth. American
journal of Epidemiology, 157(1), 14-24.
Du, S., & Yuan, C. (2010). Evaluation of patient self-
management outcomes in health care: a systematic review.
International Nursing Review, 57(2), 159-167.
Fabian, Helena M, Rådestad, Ingela J, & Waldenström, Ulla.
(2005). Childbirth and parenthood education classes in Sweden. Women's opinion and possible outcomes. Acta
Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 84(5), 436-443.
FredaA, M.C., Andersen, H., Damus, K., & Merkatz, I.R.
(1993). What pregnant women want to know: A comparison of
client and provider perceptions. Journal of Obstetric,
Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 22(3), 237-244.
Gagnon, Anita J, & Sandall, Jane. (2007). Individual or
group antenatal education for childbirth or parenthood, or
both. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3.
Gaston, A., Cramp, A., & Prapavessis, H. (2012). Enhancing
self-efficacy and exercise readiness in pregnant women.
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(5), 550-557. doi:
10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.03.001
Girard, A. W., & Olude, O. (2012). Nutrition education and
counselling provided during pregnancy: Effects on
maternal, Neonatal and child health outcomes. Paediatric
and Perinatal Epidemiology, 26, 191-204. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01278.x
Glazer, Greer. (1980). Anxiety levels and concerns among
pregnant women. Research in Nursing & Health, 3(3), 107-
113.
Hsu, T. L., & Chen, C. H. (2001). Stress and maternal-fetal
attachment of pregnant women during their third trimester.
The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 17(1), 36-45.
Holman, H. R., & Lorig, K. (1992). Perceived self-efficacy
in self-management of chronic disease. In R. Schwarzer
(Ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 305-
323). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
Kear,M.(2000).Concept analysis of self-efficacy. Graduate
Research in Nursing,2(2).
Koehn, M.L. (2002). Childbirth education outcomes: an
integrative review of the literature. The Journal of
Perinatal Education, 11(3), 10.
Kronborg, H.,Maimburg, R. D.,Væth, M.(2012). Antenatal
training to improve breast
feeding: a randomised trial. Midwifery,28(6),784-790.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2011.08.016
Kuo, Shih-Hsien, Wang, Ruey-Hsia, Tseng, Hui-Chen, Jian,
Shu-Yuan, & Chou, Fan-Hao. (2007). A comparison of
different severities of nausea and vomiting during
pregnancy relative to stress, Social support, and maternal
adaptation. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 52(1),
e1-e7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.10.002
Kwon, M. K., & Bang, K. S. (2011). Relationship of prenatal
stress and depression to maternal-fetal attachment and
fetal growth. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 41(2),
276-283. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.276
Lacroix, Renée, Eason, Erica, & Melzack, Ronald. (2000).
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: A prospective study
of its frequency, intensity, and patterns of change.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 182(4),
931-937. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-
9378(00)70349-8
Lin, S.S., Chien, L.Y., Tai, C.J., & Lee, C.F. (2008).
Effectiveness of a prenatal education programme on
breastfeeding outcomes in Taiwan. Journal of
ClinicalNnursing, 17(3), 296-303.
Lorig, K., Lubeck, D., Kraines, R.G., Seleznick, M., &
Holman, H.R. (1985). Outcomes of self‐help education for
patients with arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 28(6),
680-685.
Lorig, Kate R, & Holman, Halsted R. (2003). Self-management
education: history, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms.
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 26(1), 1-7.
Malata, A., Hauck, Y., Monterosso, L., & McCaul, K. (2007).
Development and evaluation of a childbirth education
programme for malawian women. Journal of Advanced Nursing,
60(1), 67-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04380.x
Mastorci, Francesca, Vicentini, Massimo, Viltart, Odile,
Manghi, Massimo, Graiani, Gallia, Quaini, Federico, . . .
Sgoifo, Andrea. (2009). Long-term effects of prenatal
stress: changes in adult cardiovascular regulation and
sensitivity to stress. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral
Reviews, 33(2), 191-203.
Monteiro, E. J. M., Silva, L. A. B., & Costa, C. (2012).
CloudMed: Promoting telemedicine processes over the cloud.
Mohammad Salameh, A. A., Chulawadee Khunsri,A.A.,& Monzer
Habbal, A. M.(2011). Web based support for pregnant
mother. In proceedings of the
international conference on Advanced Science, Engineering
and information technology 2011, Malaysia, 2011, pp. 307-
310.
Meyerowitz, B. E., & Chaiken, S. (1987). The effect of
message framing on breast Selfexamination attitudes,
intentions, and behavior. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 52, 500-510.
Mukhopadhyay, S., & Wendel, J. (2008).Are prenatal care
resources distributed efficiently across high-risk and
low-risk mothers? International Journal of
Health Care Finance and Economics, 8(3), 163-179.
Öhman, S.G., Grunewald, C., & Waldenström, U. (2003).
Women's worries during pregnancy: testing the Cambridge
Worry Scale on 200 Swedish women. Scandinavian journal of
caring sciences, 17(2), 148-152.
Onashoga, S. A., Sodiya, A. S., Omilani, T. O., & Ajisegiri,
H. O. (2011, 16-18 Aug. 2011). A mobile phone-based
antenatal care support system. Paper presented at the
Systems Engineering (ICSEng), 2011 21st International
Conference on.
Orr, Suezanne T, Reiter, Jerome P, Blazer, Dan G, & James,
Sherman A. (2007). Maternal prenatal pregnancy-related
anxiety and spontaneous preterm birth in Baltimore,
Maryland. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(6), 566-570.
Osborne, R.H., Spinks, J.M., & Wicks, I.P. (2004). Patient
education and self- management programs in arthritis.
Medical journal of Australia, 180(5), 23.
Piette, J. D., Datwani, H., Gaudioso, S., Foster, S. M.,
Westphal, J., Perry, W., . . . Marinec, N. (2012).
Hypertension management using mobile technology and home
blood pressure monitoring: Results of a randomized trial
in Two Low/Middle-Income countries. Telemedicine and E-
Health, 18(8), 613-620. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2011.0271
Piette, John D., Mendoza-Avelares, Milton O., Ganser,
Martha, Mohamed, Muhima, Marinec, Nicolle, & Krishnan,
Sheila. (2011). A preliminary study of a cloud-computing
model for chronic Illness self-care support in an
Underdeveloped Country. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine, 40(6), 629-632. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.02.014
Perez-Blasco,J., Viguer,P., Rodrigo,M.F.(2013).Effects of a
mindfulness-based intervention on psychological distress,
well-being, and maternal self-efficacy in breast-feeding
mothers:results of a pilot study.Arch Womens Ment
Health,16,227-236.
Rahimparvar, S. F. V., Hamzehkhani, M., Geranmayeh, M., &
Rahimi, R. (2012). Effect of educational software on self-
efficacy of pregnant women to cope with labor: a
randomized controlled trial. Archives of Gynecology and
Obstetrics, 286(1), 63-70. doi: 10.1007/s00404-012-2243-4
Rubin, R. (1976). Maternal tasks in pregnancy. Journal of
Advanced Nursing, 1(5), 367-376.
Rittinghouse, J. W., & Ransome, J. F.(2009).Cloud computing:
Implementation, Management, and security. New York: Taylor
&Francis Group.
Salonen, A. H., Kaunonen, M., Astedt-Kurki, P., Jarvenpaa,
A. L., Isoaho, H., & Tarkka, M. T. (2011). Effectiveness
of an internet-based intervention enhancing Finnish
parents' parenting satisfaction and parenting self-
efficacy during the postpartum period. Midwifery, 27(6),
832-841. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2010.08.010
Serçekuş, P., & Mete, S. (2010). Effects of antenatal
education on maternal prenatal and postpartum adaptation.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(5), 999-1010.
Stark, Mary Ann. (2001). Relationship of psychosocial
tasks of pregnancy and attentional functioning in the
third trimester. Research in Nursing & Health, 24(3), 194-
202.
Sun, Y. C., Hung, Y. C., Chang, Y. M., & Kuo, S. C. (2010).
Effects of a prenatal yoga programme on the discomforts of
pregnancy and maternal childbirth self-efficacy in Taiwan.
Midwifery, 26(6), E31-E36. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2009.01.005
Sapountzi-Krepia, D.,Tsaloglidou, A.,Psychogiou,
M.,Lazaridou, C.&Julkunen, K. V.(2011). Mothers'
experiences of pregnancy, labour and childbirth: A
qualitative study in Northern Greece. International
Journal of Nursing Practice,17(6),583-590.
doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2011.01975.x
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-
efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston
(Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio.
Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). Windsor, England:
NFER-NELSON.
Skiba, D. J., Barton, A. J., & Nielsen, M. M. (2006).
Innovations in telehealth. In V. K. Saba & K. A. McCormick
(Eds.),Essentials of nursing informatics (4th ed. pp. 549
-561). Boston: McGraw Hill.
Serçekuş, P., & Mete, S. (2010). Effects of antenatal ]
education on maternal prenatal and postpartum adaptation.
Journal of advanced nursing, 66(5), 999-1010.
Svensson, Jane, Barclay, Lesley, & Cooke, Margaret.(2009)
Randomised- controlledtrial of two antenatal education
programmes. Midwifery, 25(2), 114-125.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2006.12.012
Toshima, M. T., Kaplan, R. M., & Ries, A. L. (1992). Self-
efficacy expectancies in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease rehabilitation. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.),
Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 325-354).
Washington, DC:Hemisphere.
Umekawa, R., Ishizuka, H., & Oshima, T.(2011). Approach to
Services Using Personal Health Records (PHRs). Fujitsu
Scientific & Technical Journal,47(4),418-425.
van Os-Medendorp, H., Koffijberg, H., Eland-de Kok, P. C.
M., van der Zalm, A., de Bruin-Weller, M. S., Pasmans,
Sgma, . . . Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Cafm. (2012).
E-health in caring for patients with atopic dermatitis:A
randomized controlled cost-effectiveness study of
internet-guided monitoring and online self-management
training. British Journal of Dermatology, 166(5), 1060-
1068. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10829.x
Vujin, V., & Milenkovic, M. J. (2012). Implementation of
Cloud Computing in The Health Care System. Metalurgia
International, 17(9), 161-165.
Weiner, E. A., Billamay, S., Partridge, J. C., & Martinez,
A. M. (2011). Antenatal education for expectant mothers
results in sustained improvement in knowledge of newborn
care. Journal of Perinatology, 31(2), 92-97. doi:
10.1038/jp.2010.108
Xia, H., Asif, I., & Zhao, X. (2012). Cloud-ECG for real
time ECG monitoring and analysis. Computer Methods and
Programs in Biomedicine(0). doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.11.008
Yang, C. C., Huang, J. T., & Ieee. (2012). The Era of Cloud
Computer Thru Bio-Detecting and Open-Resources to Achieve
the Ubiquitous Devices.
Zasloff, E., Schytt, E., & Waldenström, U. (2007). First
time mothers’ pregnancy and birth experiences varying by
age. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica,
86(11), 1328-1336.
Zhang, J. X., & Schwarzer, R. (1995). Measuring optimistic
self-beliefs:A Chinese adaptation of the General Self-
Efficacy Scale. Psychologia, 38 (3), 174-181.
Zwelling, Elaine. (2006). Childbirth education in the 1990s
and beyond. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal
Nursing, 25(5), 425-432.
World Health Organization. (2013) Maternal, newborn, child
and adolescent health.
http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/en/