| 研究生: |
陳思敏 Chen, Szu-Min |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
東沙島周圍海域之系統保育規劃—決策支援工具Marxan之應用 Systematic Conservation Planning on the Sea Area Around Dongsha Island— Using Decision Support Tool Marxan |
| 指導教授: |
葉如萍
Yeh, Ju-Ping |
| 共同指導教授: |
徐韶良
Hsu, Shao-Liang |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 都市計劃學系 Department of Urban Planning |
| 論文出版年: | 2023 |
| 畢業學年度: | 111 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 99 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 海洋空間規劃 、海洋保護區 、奠基於生態系統 、系統保育規劃 、Marxan |
| 外文關鍵詞: | marine spatial planning, marine protected area, ecosystem-based, systematic conservation planning, Marxan |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:135 下載:14 |
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面對海洋資源的耗竭,國際間積極倡議海洋空間規劃:奠基於生態系統的系統性科學分析以劃定海洋分區,再輔以調適性管理措施,以達到海洋永續發展的目標。海洋保護區被認為是保護海洋的核心工具,由於過去我國通常缺乏全面性的海洋生態調查與數據,而多依預警原則劃設海洋保護區,加上缺少系統性科學分析,致海洋保護效果不佳。然而,系統保育規劃方法與決策支援工具Marxan應用於海洋管理與規劃過程中,係可有效促成海洋保護區的劃設與海洋空間規劃的進程。
本研究從奠基於生態系統的觀點,利用系統保育規劃方法與Marxan工具,以東沙環礁國家公園之東沙島周圍海域為實證地區,透過Marxan工具納入生態與人類需求作綜合性考量,蒐集珊瑚礁、海草、魚類與尖齒檸檬鯊等作為生態特徵資料,以及現有人類使用與未來潛水活動作為成本數據,作系統性的科學分析,以評估東沙環礁國家公園(第二次通盤檢)計畫書(草案)中的海域分區變更範圍和探索未來生態旅遊或環境教育初期規劃時可能的分區劃設。
研究結果顯示,就當前東沙島周圍海域的人為使用情形對於生態環境資源衝擊不大,並且能夠實現70%生態保護目標設定。雖然Marxan情境最佳解決方案與東沙(二通)計畫書(草案)的海域一般管制區不一致,但可透過調整保護空間的配置,似生態補償機制以異地補償彌補造成生態衝擊,故本研究認為海域變更案的分區劃設是可行的。次之,假設未來情境除現有人為使用外,再導入潛水活動作為保護成本,經研究結果表明均可達到70%、50%及30%生態保護目標,且發現位於東沙島北岸海域具有高生態價值和高優先次序可支持海洋保護目標實現。此外,當30%保護目標情境下運行結果,發現對於尖齒檸檬鯊幼鯊極具住重要性的小潟湖區雖未被選取為保護範圍,但本研究認為應將該處劃設為保護區域,以利於尖齒檸檬鯊生存。
藉本研究體現系統保育規劃方法與決策支援工具Marxan,其對於海洋空間規劃過程與海洋保護區設計的支持,以綜合、系統性的科學證據分析,落實奠基於生態系統概念,並可供作實務規劃決策之討論基礎。然而,對於Marxan相關數據建置,建議可於生態相關調查中多增設空間調查位置,以及不同生態特徵調查盡可能於同年度進行,以提升資料數據的品質與運行結果可靠性。後續研究則建議可將權益關係人納入考量,並透過Marxan靈活應用以支持參與式規劃的過程,利於更貼近當地需求且有效的規劃。
In Taiwan, the lack of comprehensive marine ecological surveys and data, coupled with the lack of systematic scientific analysis, has led to the ineffectiveness of marine protected areas. Therefore, this study was conducted from an ecosystem-based perspective, using the decision support tool Marxan to integrate ecological and social dimensions and analyze them systematically based on scientific evidence. The sea area around Dongsha Island was selected as the study area for systematic protection planning. The core of the operation is (1) the scope of the sea change case in the draft plan and (2) the future development plan respectively.
The results of the study show that (1) the current human use of the sea area around Dongsha Island has little impact on ecological and environmental resources. Although the results of Marxan's analysis are not consistent with the scope of the sea change case in the draft plan, it is possible to adjust the spatial configuration of the planning unit set for conservation so that it still achieves the 70% conservation goal. (2) The analysis of the future planning scenarios found that the north coast of Dongsha Island has high ecological value and high priority to support the marine conservation goals. In addition, in the contextual analysis of the 30% protection target, it was found that the small lagoon area was not selected for protection, but it is important for the sharptooth lemon shark and should be protected.
This study demonstrates that systematic conservation planning and Marxan tools can provide the basis for decision making discussions in practical planning. In the future, it can support the process of marine reserve design and marine spatial planning in Taiwan.
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