褐藻多醣為富含岩藻醣的硫酸化水溶性多醣，其生理活性與結構成分、單醣組成、
硫酸基團含量、分子量分佈以及褐藻多醣產品純度有關。過去的文獻指出褐藻多醣具 有許多對人體健康的潛在好處，包括免疫調節，抗癌，抗病毒，抗凝血且能抑制脂質 生成等功效。本實驗室先前的研究已證實由莢托馬尾藻(Sargassumsiliquosum) 萃取出 來的褐藻多醣具有較高的多醣產率且具有抗氧化，抗脂質生成以及抗發炎的功效。
本研究利用重緣葉馬尾藻(Sargassum cristaefolium)萃取褐藻多醣，建立多醣產 率最高之萃取策略並優化萃取條件，進一步去除雜質以達純化之目的。此外，並利用 傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀 (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer, FTIR)方式鑑定褐藻 多醣之結構及化學組成，並測定其抗菌與促進生髮之活性。本研究第一部分比較 4 種 萃取策略分別為傳統熱水萃取、微波輔助萃取 (Microwave-assistedextraction,MAE)、 超音波輔助萃取 (Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, UAE)及亞臨界水萃取法 (subcritical water extraction, SWE)，結果發現 SWE 在 1 大氣壓(錶壓)、121 度(萃取溫度)、20 分鐘(萃取時間)及 40 mL/g 液固比條件下有最佳多醣產率為 12.60 ± 0.14%。接著透 過等電點沉澱及氯化鈣沉澱後，萃取物中大部分的蛋白質及醣醛酸成功地被移除，再 進一步利用陰離子交換層析法 (Anion-exchange chromatography, AEC)純化粗褐藻多 醣。 使帶負電荷的多醣與樹脂結合，並用階梯式濃度(0.5、1.0、1.5 和 2.0 M)NaCl 溶液洗脫，以分離純化的褐藻多醣，其總糖含量從 37.95±0.30% 增加到 62.07±1.08 %，糖回收率為 75.74 %。
本研究第二部分則分別探討水解後不同分子量褐藻多醣之結構特徵、化學成分與 硫酸根含量多寡對於褐藻多醣之抗菌與生髮活性效應的影響。由抗菌活性結果，顯示 純化褐藻多醣水解後溶於甲醇溶劑可以有效地產生抗菌效果，尤其分子量區間為 1-3 kDa 組別抗菌效果最為顯著。此外，當提高硫酸根含量由 32.48 ± 1.53 %至 48.26 ± 1.14 %，高硫酸根含量之小分子褐藻多醣亦可進一步提升其抗菌能力。另外，以水解前後褐藻多醣處理毛囊真皮乳頭細胞(hair follicle dermal papilla cells, HFDPCs)，結果發現當濃度為 1 mg/ml 且分子量區間為 3-10 kDa 之水解褐藻多醣具有最高的細胞存 活率，且對細胞增殖無明顯毒性。然而，改變硫酸根含量對於 HFDPCs 無明顯的促進 增生效果。更進一步，我們利用 FT-IR 分析藉由 SWE 方法從重緣葉馬尾藻中分離的 純化褐藻多醣以及不同分子量區間之結構特徵。結果發現，利用 SWE 提取的褐藻多 醣中醣醛酸(1620 和 1413cm-1)和硫酸鹽(1257cm-1)的含量分別低於和高於 CE 提取的褐藻多糖，且不同分子量區間褐藻多糖的結構特徵皆含有相似類型的醣苷鍵。
綜合上述結果，來自重緣葉馬尾藻純化後之低分子量褐藻多醣具有顯著的抗菌
和促進毛髮生長的特性，頗具商業化發展的潛力。

Fucoidans, a type of water-soluble and fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides commonly seen in marine brown algae, have been reported to exhibit plenty of biological activities, such as Immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, antitumor, antivirus, and anti-lipogenesis. The bioactivities of fucoidan are associated with its structural diversity, monosaccharide composition, the content and the location of sulfate ester groups, molecular weight distribution, and the purity of fucoidans. Our previous studies demonstrated that fucoidan extracted from Sargassum siliquosum obtained higher total sugar yield and possessed antioxidant, anti-lipogenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity.
In this study, we optimized the extraction conditions to obtain the highest extraction efficiency of fucoidans from Sargassum crassifolium. Four extraction strategies namely conventional hot water extraction (CE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound- assisted extraction (UAE), and subcritical water extraction (SWE) were evaluated for their fucoidan extraction efficiency. The results demonstrated that SWE exhibited the highest total sugar yield (12.60 ± 0.14%) under 1 atm (gauge pressure), 121◦C extraction temperature, 20 min extraction time, and 40 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio. Furthermore, Fourier-Transform characterization and chemical composition of purified fucoidans. The antibacterial activity and hair growth- promoting activity of the purified fucoidan were investigated. The crude fucoidans were then purified to obtain pure fucoidans. Most of the proteins and alginates were eliminated by the isoelectric precipitation and CaCl2 treatment. Anion-exchange chromatography (AEC) was subsequently applied for further purification of the crude fucoidans. Negatively charged polysaccharides were bound to the resin and eluted with stepwise concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M) of NaCl solution to separate the purified fucoidans. The total sugar contentincreased from 37.95 ± 0.30 % to 62.07 ± 1.08 % along with 75.74 % sugars recovery.
Further, we investigated the effect of different molecular weight (MW), structural characterization, chemical composition, and sulfate content on the antibacterial activity and hair growth-promoting activity of pure fucoidan by in vitro analysis and cell viability assay, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial assays demonstrated that hydrolyzed fucoidan resuspended in methanol showed good antimicrobial activities. Especially the 1-3 kDa fraction exhibited a significantly better effect. Then, low molecular weight fucoidan was further treated with the SO3-DMF method to obtain highly sulfated fucoidans. The results indicated that when sulfate content increased from 32.48 ± 1.53 % to 48.26 ± 1.14 %, the antibacterial capability was further enhanced. In hair growth-promoting activity, pure fucoidan was used to treat the hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). The result showed that the hydrolyzed fucoidans (1-3 kDa fraction) at the dosage of 1 mg/ml possessed the greatest hair growth-promoting effect without any evident toxicity on the cell proliferation. However, it was observed that the hair growth-promoting activity was not influenced by the
sulfate of pure fucoidan.
Subsequently, FT-IR was carried out to analyze the purified fucoidans from Sargassum crassifolium and the structural characterization among different MW were identified. The FTIR spectra indicated that the content of uronic acid (at 1620 and 1413 cm-1) and sulfate (1257 cm-1) in fucoidan extracted by CE are respectively higher and lower than fucoidan extracted by SWE and the structural characterization of fucoidans with different molecular weight fraction shared similar type of glycosidic bond.
In summary, the present findings confirmed that the low MW fucoidans from S. cristaefolium possess significant antibacterial and hair growth-promoting properties that can be used as a therapeutic agent for commercialization.

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