鈣鈦礦作為新興的光電材料在近十幾年發展迅速。有機-無機鹵素鈣鈦礦具備可調控帶隙，高吸收係數等優點，其應用性亦非常廣泛。目前在感測器，太陽能電池，發光二極管等方面已有充分的實用性。這種材料對於光，熱，濕和輻射的敏感度極高，容易降解。許多研究人員正在理解其降解機制並採取措施來降低鈣鈦礦的缺陷。採用添加劑是目前常見的補救方法，例如小分子，高分子等，這些材料已有學者證明其可行性。小分子利用有機長鏈接枝在鈣鈦礦表面以防止顆粒聚集而沉澱，提升膠束溶液中的穩定性。本文希望利用嵌段高分子作為模板來製備出具有長效穩定性， 均一形貌的鈣鈦礦。高分子具備在溶液中自組裝的性質，可以通過改變溶劑，分子量來調整其奈米結構。當滿足了臨界微胞濃度時，嵌段共聚物形成微胞。本文使用PS-b-PEO作為奈米級反應器，使用非極性溶劑來合成鈣鈦礦(MAPbBr3)膠束溶液。高分子在溶液會形成微胞來保護鈣鈦礦，避免其接觸水，空氣等。嵌段共聚物也作為長鏈刷抑制了鈣鈦礦顆粒的凝聚，保證了在溶液中的顆粒分佈能力。PEO中氧原子通過貢獻兩個電子，與鈣鈦礦前驅體PbBr2中的Pb2+離子進行配位反應。PEO不僅鈍化了鈣鈦礦的缺陷，還通過調控嵌段高分子的濃度來實現了鈣鈦礦形貌的可控性。此種高分子在鈣鈦礦膠束溶液領域的研究極少，目前主力為薄膜態表現優化。因此本文的成果具有創新和前瞻性。高分子微胞製備的鈣鈦礦奈米粒子通過使用SAXS測量，來獲取形貌，尺寸和分佈等資訊。其離子資訊通過UV測量。鈣鈦礦的晶格表現由WAXS和XRD判定。鈣鈦礦的光之發光性能和量子效率分別由PL和PLQY測量。高分子和鈣鈦礦的形貌表現通過TEM得到了證明。此外，本文發現了一種全新的晶體，由PEO和鈣鈦礦前驅體PbBr2共晶產生。在加入前驅體的過程中發現了PbBr2因為PEO加入導致的晶相轉變。從原本的正交相轉化為2D 六角堆積的晶格形貌。由PEO和PbBr2產生的配合物出現了不規則的奈米片和多邊形結構，為相同晶型。另外在產物離心後的沉澱物中發現了此種晶型成長為更大尺寸的3D結構衍生物。這種配合物的調控對於鈣鈦礦的合成具有極高的關聯性。它們涉及了PEO和Pb2+的強交互作用，導致[PbBr3-]，[PbBr64-]和[PbBr42-]的產生，影響鈣鈦礦中另一個前驅體MABr與其的反應動力學。本文發現鈣鈦礦容易在高的嵌段共聚物濃度和高的Br離子含量時快速降解。一旦配合物在溶液中佔主導地位，鈣鈦礦的熒光性質表現不佳。低的高分子濃度下製備的鈣鈦礦表現優異。方法一發現了MABr含量影響鈣鈦礦的數量及形貌。前驅體溶液通過額外的離心處理再加入MABr後可以合成出單一相鈣鈦礦晶體，溶液中沒有多餘的配合物。後續通過精準控制BCP濃度和配合物的數量，本文合成了結晶性很高的鈣鈦礦晶體，且具有形貌均一的優點和PL穩定性。方法二提到當配合物及PbBr2能夠以化學計量的方式與MABr充分反應，得到了單一的立方MAPbBr3鈣鈦礦晶體，沒有多餘的配合物殘留在溶液中。這些利用PS-b-PEO作為奈米級反應器合成的鈣鈦礦膠束顆粒，不需要在手套箱製備，且其對於水和空氣的抗性提升。通過觀察半年後製備的鈣鈦礦膠束顆粒，仍然表現出優異的PL性質。因為沒有其他文獻的支持，我們通過測試找到了利用PS-b-PEO製備鈣鈦礦的最佳路線。本文依次找到了針對鈣鈦礦合成的最佳BCP老化條件，BCP濃度和前驅體數量。在此基礎上，進一步調控BCP和前驅體的反應，去除多餘的前驅體和雜質來合成具備單一鈣鈦礦相的膠束溶液。其合成方法簡單，快速。它們的長效穩定性及形貌可控性有助於後續的鈣鈦礦應用。

As a photoelectric material, perovskite has seen rapid development in recent decades. Organic-inorganic halogen perovskites exhibit adjustable band gaps and high absorption coefficients, making them widely applicable in sensors, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and other areas. However, perovskite is highly sensitive to light, heat, humidity, and radiation, leading to easy degradation. Numerous studies have actively investigated its degradation mechanisms to explore ways to mitigate defects. One effective method is using additives such as small molecules and polymers, which have been proven effective. Small molecules attached to the surface of perovskite to prevent particle aggregation and settling, enhance the stability of micellar solutions. This study aims to use block copolymers (BCP) as templates to fabricate perovskites (MAPbBr3) with long-term stability and uniform morphology. Block copolymers have the property of self-assembly in solutions. The shape of the self-assembled nanostructure could be adjusted by changing the solvents and their molecular weights. In perovskite colloidal solutions, the polymers formed micelles to protect perovskite from water and air. When the critical micelle concentration is reached, BCP forms micelles. The perovskite NCs are encapsulated inside the micelles. BCP acts as a long-chain brush, inhibiting perovskite particle aggregation and ensuring particle distribution in solution. Oxygen atoms in PEO coordinate with Pb2+ ions of precursor PbBr2, contributing two electrons. PEO not only passivates perovskite defects but also controls morphologies by adjusting the PS-b-PEO concentration. Research on such perovskite colloidal solutions templated by PS-b-PEO is limited, with most focusing on optimizing film performance. Therefore, this thesis is rendered innovative and forward-looking. The morphology, size, and distribution of perovskite NCs prepared by micelles are measured using SAXS. Ion information is measured by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Lattice behavior is measured by WAXS and XRD. PL properties and PL quantum efficiency are measured by PL and PLQY, respectively. TEM demonstrates the morphologies of PS-b-PEO micelles and perovskites. A novel crystal produced from the eutectic of PEO and precursor PbBr2 is discovered. The addition of PEO causes a phase transformation of PbBr2 crystals from an orthorhombic phase to a 2D hexagonal lattice. The complexes formed by PEO and PbBr2 exhibit irregular nanosheets and polygonal structures, which are identified as identical crystal types. Crystallites with larger 3D structures are found in the precipitates after centrifugation. Regulating PEO-Pb complexes is crucial for perovskite synthesis, as they involve strong interactions between PEO and Pb2+. [PbBr3-], [PbBr64-], and [PbBr42-] ion complexes appeared at the same time. These complexes affect the reaction kinetics of perovskite formation. Perovskite NCs degrade easily at high concentrations of BCP and high Br- ion contents. When the complexes dominate the solution, PL properties of perovskites are significantly diminished. We conducted two methods: method 1 reveals that MABr content influenced the quantity and morphologies of the perovskites. With an additional precursor solutions centrifugation step, cubic-perovskite NCs can be synthesized without redundant complexes remaining in the solutions. In method 2, we control the concentrations of BCP and the number of complexes precisely. Perovskites with high crystallinity and uniform morphologies are successfully synthesized. Moreover, perovskites exhibit high stability in an ambient environment. When the complexes fully react with MABr in a stoichiometric manner, cubic-MAPbBr3 perovskite NCs form with no excess complexes in solutions. Perovskites synthesized by PS-b-PEO do not require glove box preparation and show increased resistance to water and air. Even after six months, the MAPbBr3 NCs exhibit excellent PL properties. Finally, we successfully identify the optimal BCP aging condition, BCP concentration, and precursor quantity. Our synthesis method is simple and fast, rendering long-term PL stability and morphology control which will be beneficial for future perovskite applications.

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