摘要
熱拌瀝青混凝土（hot-mix asphalt mixture, HMA）在施工過程中需進行品質管制（quality control, QC）/品質保證（quality assurance, QA），在最近10年來，國內外皆有將品質責任逐漸從業主移轉到承包商情形，但 QC數據是否真正代表實際使用的材料應該加以釐清。
研究中收集過去施工試驗數據，區分為委辦監造及自辦監造等兩組，以HMA最終成品之抽油篩分析及含油量試驗數據為研究標的，計算篩分析結果及含油量與配合設計(Job-Mix Formula，JMF)目標值之差距、平均值及變異數，並藉由變異數之F檢定及平均數之t檢定探討其差異及可能之原因。另於施工中工程，同時進行QC試驗之比對試驗，及品質保證（QA）試驗，計算各試驗之篩分析結果及含油量與JMF目標值差距之平均數與變異數，並將其分成QC試驗與比對試驗及QC試驗與QA試驗等2組分別檢定其是否有顯著差異，藉此檢視國內瀝青混凝土施工品質管制與品質保證成效。
篩分析結果顯示，委辦監造組之各篩號數據變動幅度較大，明顯與配合設計目標值不同，尤其粗粒料之情形更是明顯，另從每一個篩號試驗值與目標值差距的平均值顯示，不同拌和廠其製程管控能力也有明顯不同；自辦監造之各篩號過篩百分比及含油量試驗值呈現正常隨機分佈，所有試驗數值皆在規範容許的範圍內，無任何不合格，與配合設計所訂之工作拌合公式目標值較無顯著差異，整體品質控管情形較優。
自辦監造組與委辦監造組施工數據經檢定後，呈現有顯著差異存在。在平均數與變異數之數值，委辦監造組大部分較大。
將施工中工程QC試驗與比對試驗及QC試驗與QA試驗分組檢定結果，也顯示皆有顯著差異存在，且比對試驗及QA試驗之平均數與變異數數值均較QC試驗為高。
無論以過去國內已完工工程試驗數據，或以現在施工中工程QC/QA試驗數據檢定，皆呈現有明顯差異存在，故應有實施獨立QA試驗來驗證施工品質之必要。
關鍵字：瀝青混凝土、品質管制、品質保證

Abstract
In the process of construction, hot-mix asphalt mixture (HMA) must be testified with quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA). Although in the recent 10 years, the duty of construction quality has gradually transferred from the owner to the contractor. But the data of quality control (QC) could really represent the true used material or not sure be clarified.
In this study, we collected the formerly construct test data and divided them into two terms, the entrusted-supervision and self-supervision. Then used the data of the sieve analysis and oil content test from the HMA finished products as the study standard to calculate the Range, means and variances between them and JMF (Job-Mix Formula) target data. And the variances compared via F-tests of and means via t-tests to investigate the discrepancy and the possible causes. Beside, we engaged in the QC compare test and QA compare test in the building process to calculate the sieve analysis result and oil content and the means and variances of JMF target range. And we divided them to two groups: (1) QC test and Compare test, (2) QC test and QA test, to check out whether there is any great difference between them in order to see the construction quality and the quality identification of HMA in Taiwan.
Sieve Analysis results show that there are bigger variation ranges in the sieve number data of the entrusted-supervision, and it differs distinctly with the target value of JMF, especially by the coarse aggregate. The passing percent of sieve numbers and oil content test values in self-supervision show normal distribution and all of the test values are in the norm admission range, and up to the standard. Besides, there is no any great difference with the JMF.
After the investigation, the construction data of self-supervision and entrusted-supervision shows great differences. The average and variation value usually are bigger in the entrusted-supervision group.
In the process of construction to check out the (1) QC test and compare test, (2) QC test and QA test two groups, it also indicates there are apparent differences. And the average and variance value in the compare test and QA test are higher than that in the QC test.
No matter with the test data of finished construction, or with the QA/QC test data in the building process, it indicates apparent differences. Therefore there must be independent QA tests to control the construction quality.
Key Word: hot-mix asphalt, quality control, quality assurance

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