國內營造廠執行環境管理系統不普遍，營建工程相關的環保計畫未有系統。政府單位未提出環境管理計畫指南，也無輔導營造廠實行環境管理，工程欲執行環境管理時，缺少指導方針且增加成本，致使執行困難。
本研究建立營建工程之環境管理計畫之架構，說明環境管理計畫的組成，架構含5個層級，共5個環境考量面、15個衝擊項目、7個工程計畫、17個績效指標，與12種指標資料來源，用以整合營造工地面臨的環境議題與管理計畫。
文中分別說明5層級內容，以廢污水排放考量面為例，先說明逕流廢水等3個衝擊項目，再討論現有工程計畫書內容，即逕流廢水施工計畫與環境保護計畫。對3個衝擊項目及計畫書中內容訂定績效指標，如措施費用、檢測通過率。最後，指標資料來源為估驗計價明細與監測記錄，皆為工程現有表單。
然後以一個道路工程案例之相關資料，印證建立的架構與內容。參考工程實際狀況修正架構並整合相關資訊，另在各環境考量面中列出對應相關法規，將工程實際數字套入架構，討論指標與來源的可行性與計算方式，提出環境管理檢查頻率，建立定期報表。接著將案例工程半年的實際數值填入報表內，找出指標間的關聯與指標意涵，針對計算結果討論指標適用性，並修正指標、精簡架構，使環境管理架構更合理，最後提出整個環境管理計畫架構的使用步驟，供營造單位執行時參考。

SUMMARY

This study established a framework of environmental management plan (EMP) for contractors. The scope of EMP was set to be in the control of a contractor. Related environmental management system (EMS) and EMP studies were reviewed for the framework establishment. The items and contents of the framework were determined mainly according to ISO14001 EMS. The feasibility and completeness of established framework was examined through applying to real project. Besides, the related environmental protection regulations are listed for the management plans and indicators.

In the established framework, there are 5 environmental aspects, 15 impact issues, 7 management plans, 17 performance indicators, and 12 data sources. The framework integrates existing environmental management issues and management plans in Taiwan construction industry. The impact issues in different environmental aspects are managed by the measures in the management plans. The effectiveness of the measures would be examined with the performance indicators whose data resources were listed.

After analysis with real project data, the framework was modified to be easier to implement. The final framework consists of 5 environmental aspects, 13 impact issues, 7 management plans, 9 performance indicators, and 7 data sources.

This implementation framework provides the contractor with a guidelines in environmental management. A monthly report for environmental management performance review was also proposed. Overall, this framework can be used in the construction industry in Taiwan.

INTRODUCTION

In current Taiwan construction industry, the implementation of EMS is not common. The main reasons are: (1) lack of knowledge, (2) increase in cost, and (3) lack of government requirements. However, EMS is becoming more and more popular in the construction industry in some countries. Especially in Netherlands, most construction companies pass ISO14001 EMS certification. To face the impact of this trend, the research objective was to establish an implementation framework for construction projects in Taiwan.

When establishing the framework, EMS, EMP, and regulations were reviewed to make framework more reliable and feasible. After the framework is established, it is revised through inputting real project data. The final framework consists of 5 environmental aspects, 13 impact issues, 7 management plans, 9 performance indicators, and 7 data sources. It provides not only the EMP implementation guideline, but also reporting mechanism for performance review for construction industry in Taiwan.

RESEARCH METHODS

Literature review about EMS and EMP was done to find out related guidelines. In related EMS studies, EMS implementation method for construction companies was specified. Further, EMP for individual project needs to be established. After reviewing EMP studies and guidelines from domestic and foreign governments, 5 environmental aspects and 15 impact issues are selected. In order to evaluate the implementation effectiveness on the proposed environmental issues, 17 performance indicators were established after literature review.

For the selected environmental aspects, impact issues, and performance indicators, detailed environmental management measures need to be specified. First, data of a real roadway construction project was collected for the study. 7 management plans of the project was referenced and linked to the 15 impact issues. Second, environmental protection regulations in Taiwan were reviewed to find out statutory requirements related to the impact issues. Third, the proposed environmental aspects, impact issues, management plans, performance indicators, and the source for the indicators were integrated into an EMP framework.

After the framework was established, it was examined with the ISO14001 regulations and real project data. All the management plans need to conform to the ISO14001. The insufficient contents were listed and provided with improvement suggestions. Impact issues and performance indicators were checked with project data. The feasibility and adequacy of the issues and indicators were then discussed. Last, the framework was modified and provided with guideline, which made the framework easier for implementation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The final framework consists of 5 layers, including 5 environmental aspects, 13 impact issues, 7 management projects, 9 performance indicators, and 7 data sources. The proposed 13 impact issues in 5 environmental impacts are in the control of contractors and include major issues occurring in the project site. The contents of the management plans are related to the issues, and meet the environmental regulations and ISO14001 EMS requirements.

The adequacy and feasibility of performance indicators and data sources were examined with real project data. The data of 6 months were calculated and the results were shown. According to the calculated monthly reports, the indicators and adequacy of the indicators were discussed. Finally, the modified EMP framework was proposed and shown in Figure A.

Although being feasible and effective, the framework can be modified through examination with different projects. Due to the insufficiency in project cases, the applicability of the framework in different project types may differ. In addition, some of the indicators proposed lacks standards which can be obtained from cumulative historical data. Furthermore, if the indicators can be normalized, they will be more comparable.

This framework has great potential in environmental management. In further research, the detailed requirements for the management plans and rating weights can be organized, and the quality of the EMP can be evaluated. With a good EMP, construction projects can implement environmental management thoroughly.

CONCLUSION

This study proposed a 5-leveled implementation framework of EMP for the contractors. The contents in the framework were established according to the real data in the construction industry. The feasibility and adequacy of the framework have been checked with a roadway construction project. The framework can not only assist contractors in environmental management implementation, but also provide them with performance feedback. However, the framework may need to be revised when applied on other types of project. Overall, the established framework can be viewed as a pilot study for EMS implementation. For better EMS promotion, a more detailed EMP guideline can be developed according to this study.

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