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研究生： 陳忠文
Wendra Nalanda, Winata
論文名稱： 建築性能比較分析：評估地質聚合物混凝土作為替代材料
Comparative Analysis of Building Performance: Evaluating Geopolymer Concrete as an Alternative Material
指導教授： 劉光晏
Liu, Kuang-Yen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年： 2024
畢業學年度： 113
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 105
中文關鍵詞： 地質聚合物混凝土（GPC） 、塑性鉸 、可持續建築 、抗震性能 、高強度混凝土 、ABAQUS模擬 、零廢棄 、綠色建築 、TEASPA 、ETABS 、碳排放
外文關鍵詞： Geopolymer Concrete (GPC), plastic hinge, sustainable construction, seismic performance, high-strength concrete, ABAQUS simulation, net-zero waste, green building, TEASPA, ETABS, carbon emissions
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    • 氣候變遷已成為一項全球性的重大挑戰，對生態系統、經濟及社區產生了深遠的影響。建築業是溫室氣體排放的主要來源之一，這主要歸因於傳統混凝土的生產，其依賴於碳密集型的製程。為了解決此問題，地質聚合物混凝土（Geopolymer Concrete, GPC）提供了一種具潛力的替代方案，有助於減少混凝土生產的碳足跡。本研究探討將GPC作為普通波特蘭水泥（Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC）在建築結構中的替代材料，並強調其在支持可持續及未來化建築中的潛力，與全球實現零廢棄和綠色生活的努力相一致。本研究聚焦於GPC柱在循環側向載荷下的行為，特別是塑性鉸的形成，這對建築物的抗震性能至關重要。研究將使用ABAQUS進行模擬，以確定GPC柱的塑性鉸行為，並將結果與理論塑性鉸公式進行比較。隨後，這些結果將應用於一棟八層樓的建築模型中，其中OPC柱的塑性鉸將通過TEASPA分配，而GPC柱的塑性鉸將在ETABS中手動分配。研究將分析建築在使用不同OPC與GPC柱組合下的性能表現，以評估使用GPC對結構性能的影響。本研究受到某些限制的影響，包括目前尚無針對GPC塑性鉸行為的既定規範，因此採用了研究人員基於GPC作為高強度混凝土的假設公式。此外，儘管從OPC轉換為GPC，柱與梁中的鋼筋配置將保持不變。儘管有這些限制，本研究旨在為GPC的結構應用及其在促進更可持續建築實踐中的角色提供有價值的見解，為未來的綠色建築設計作出貢獻。

    Climate change has become a critical global challenge, significantly impacting ecosystems, economies, and communities worldwide. The construction industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to the production of conventional concrete, which relies on carbon-intensive processes. To address this issue, Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) offers a promising alternative with the potential to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete production. This research explores the use of GPC as a substitute for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in building structures, highlighting its potential to support sustainable, futuristic architecture that aligns with global efforts to achieve net-zero waste and a green lifestyle. The study focuses on the behavior of GPC columns under cyclic lateral loading, particularly in terms of plastic hinge formation, which is critical for the seismic performance of buildings. Using ABAQUS, simulations will be conducted to determine the plastic hinge behavior of GPC columns and compare these results to theoretical plastic hinge formulas. These findings will then be applied to an 8-story building model, with the plastic hinges of OPC columns assigned through TEASPA, while the plastic hinges of GPC columns will be manually assigned in ETABS. The performance of the building will be analyzed with different combinations of OPC and GPC columns to assess the impact of using GPC on structural performance. The research is subject to certain limitations, including the absence of an established code for plastic hinge behavior in GPC, leading to the use of hypothesis-based formulas developed by researchers who consider GPC as high-strength concrete. Additionally, the reinforcement in columns and beams will remain unchanged, despite the transition from OPC to GPC. Despite these constraints, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the structural applications of GPC and its role in promoting more sustainable construction practices, contributing to the future of green building design.

    PASSING CERTIFICATE i 摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF SYMBOLS x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Research Background 1 1.2. Research Objectives 2 1.3. Research Limitation 3 1.4. Scope of Project 3 1.5. Research Flowchart 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1. Geopolymer Concrete 5 2.2. Concrete Constitutive Model 6 2.2.1. Hognestad (1951) 6 2.2.2. ACI 318-19 7 2.3. ABAQUS/CAE 8 2.3.1. ABAQUS/CAE Module 9 2.3.2. Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) 16 2.4. ETABS 17 2.4.1. Hinges Analysis 19 2.4.2. Pushover Analysis 21 2.4.3. Performance Levels 21 2.5. TEASPA 23 CHAPTER 3 ABAQUS SIMULATION 25 3.1. Introduction 25 3.2. Column Structure 25 3.3. GPC Model 26 3.4. Rebar Material Property 29 3.5. Stirrup Material Property 30 3.6. Loading Simulation 30 3.7. Result and Discussion 30 3.7.1. Plastic Hinge 30 3.7.2. Loading Behavior 32 3.7.3. Cracking Behavior 33 3.7.4. Strain of Steel 35 3.8. Conclusion 36 CHAPTER 4 ETABS SIMULATION 37 4.1. Introduction 37 4.2. Seismic Assignment 37 4.2.1. Building Load Assignment 37 4.2.2. Lateral Load Assignment 38 4.3. Plastic Hinge Assignment 40 4.3.1. Default Hinge by ETABS 40 4.3.2. TEASPA-Defined Plastic Hinge 40 4.3.3. User-Defined Plastic Hinge 40 4.4. Result and Discussion 41 4.4.1. Pushover Behavior 42 4.4.2. Performance Levels 43 4.4.3. Building Assignment 44 4.5. Conclusion 46 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 48 5.1. Conclusions 48 5.2. Suggestions 48 REFERENCES 49 APPENDIX A: ABAQUS/CAE MODELLING PROCESS 52 APPENDIX B: ETABS MODELING PROCESS 58 ATTACHMENT A: BUILDING INFORMATION 66 ATTACHMENT B: TEASPA INPUT 84

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