| 研究生: |
伊凡班 Bah Evan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
創新平焰燃燒器結合無壓斯特林發動機作為小型發電系統的研究 The study of an innovative flat-flame burner combined with an unpressurized Stirling engine as a small-scale power-generation system |
| 指導教授: |
吳志勇
Wu, Chih-Yung |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 能源工程國際碩博士學位學程 International Master/Doctoral Degree Program on Energy Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2022 |
| 畢業學年度: | 110 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 55 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 創新平焰燃燒器 、MTD斯特林發動機 、微型發電 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Innovative flat-flame burner, MTD Stirling engine, Micro power generation |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:126 下載:8 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究調查了一種創新的平焰燃燒器與 MTD 斯特林發動機相結合的微發電系統。燃燒器出口採用費馬模式形成扁平火焰。火焰在出口燃燒器表面上廣泛傳播,以在大範圍內產生一致的溫度。燃燒器以恆定當量比為 0.7 的二甲醚/空氣或丙烷/空氣作為輸入熱功率輸送。燃燒的燃料代表可再生綠色能源和不可再生能源。由於斯特林發動機在溫差下運行,因此使用費馬的翅片熱端和薄熱端對其性能進行了測試,以發現哪些條件對系統性能更有效。測試結果表明,在輸入功率1810W下,二甲醚產生245 ℃溫差時,系統的熱電效率達到1.03%,發電量為18.62 W。該系統通過燃燒丙烷獲得了 2465 W 的更高輸入功率,在 19.50 W 的電功率和 265 oC 的溫差下產生了 0.79% 的熱電效率。系統性能對提供的輸入功率有限制。當輸入功率過高時,會影響冷卻系統,造成較低的溫差。此外,這種燃燒器的性能值得將其用作未來發展的可再生能源轉換創新。在測試過程中發現,EINOx 在二甲醚燃料中的含量非常低,這對應於與丙烷燃料相比較低的燃燒溫度。然而,與丙烷燃料相比,在所有情況下,二甲醚燃料的 EIUHC 和 EICO 均較高。燃燒丙烷燃料的效率遠高於燃燒二甲醚燃料。
This study investigated an innovative flat-flame burner combined with an MTD Stirling engine as a micro power generation system. The flat-flame is formed by adopting Fermat's pattern on the burner exit port. The flame spread widely on the exit port burner surface to create a consistent temperature over a wide area. The burner is delivered with dimethyl ether/air or propane/air with a constant equivalent ratio of 0.7, as the input thermal power. The fuel burned represents renewable green energy and nonrenewable energy. Since the Stirling engine operates on temperature differences, its performance has been tested using Fermat's fin hot-end and thin hot-end to discover which conditions are more effective on system performance. The test results show that the performance of the system reaches thermal to electric efficiency of 1.03% with an electric power production of 18.62 W at the difference in temperature of 245 oC generated by dimethyl ether under 1810 W of input power. With a higher input power of 2465 W by burning propane, the system produces a thermal to electric efficiency of 0.79% with an electric power of 19.50 W and a temperature difference of 265 oC. System performance has a limit to the input power delivered. When the input power is too high, it will affect the cooling system, causing a lower temperature difference. Moreover, this burner's performance deserves its use as a future development renewable energy conversion innovation. During the test, it was found that EINOx is quite low in dimethyl ether fuel, which corresponds to a lower burning temperature compared to propane fuel. Yet, higher EIUHC and lower EICO occurred for dimethyl ether fuel in all cases compared to propane fuel. The efficiency of burning propane fuel is much higher than that of burning dimethyl ether fuel.
[1] I. Dincer and Y. Bicer, Enhanced dimensions of integrated energy systems for environment and sustainability. Integrated Energy Systems for Multigeneration, 2020. 403-440.
[2] U.S.E.I., Administration, ANNUAL ENERGY OUTLOOK 2022. 2022 [cited 2022 April 20]; Available from: https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo.
[3] G. Dolf, et al., The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation. Energy Strategy Reviews, 2019. 24: p. 38-50.
[4] Q.C. Yang, M. Zheng, and C.P. Chang, Energy policy and green innovation: A quantile investigation into renewable energy. Renewable Energy, 2022. 189: p. 1166-1175.
[5] J.M. Beér, Combustion technology developments in power generation in response to environmental challenges. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2000. 26(4-6): p. 301-327.
[6] J.A. Miller, et al., Combustion chemistry in the twenty-first century: Developing theory-informed chemical kinetics models. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2021. 83.
[7] J.L. Ellzey, E.L. Belmont, and C.H. Smith, Heat recirculating reactors: Fundamental research and applications. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2019. 72: p. 32-58.
[8] S.R. Sherif, A.N. Medhat, and A.H. Mohamed, Review on Premixed Combustion Technology: Stability, Emission Control, Applications, and Numerical Case Study. Energy & Fuels, 2016. 30(12): p. 9981–10014.
[9] C.Y. Wu, K.H. Chen, and S.Y. Yang, Experimental study of porous metal burners for domestic stove applications. Energy Conversion and Management, 2014. 77: p. 380-388.
[10] J.F. Yu, et al., Onset of cellular flame instability in adiabatic CH4/O2/CO2 and CH4/air laminar premixed flames stabilized on a flat-flame burner. Combustion and Flame, 2013. 160(7): p. 1276-1286.
[11] L. Ladislav, et al., Numerical and experimental study of the application of roof flat-flame burners. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011. 31(4): p. 513-520.
[12] H. Associates. McKenna Flat Flame Burners. 2013 [cited 2022 May 20]; Available from: https://www.flatflame.com/home.html.
[13] D.K. Waruna, et al., Two-color, two-photon laser-induced polarization spectroscopy (LIPS) measurements of atomic hydrogen in near-adiabatic, atmospheric pressure hydrogen/air flames. Combustion and Flame, 2004. 137(4): p. 523-537.
[14] F. Migliorini, S.D. Iuliis, and F.C.G. Zizak, How “flat” is the rich premixed flame produced by your McKenna burner? Combustion and Flame, 2008. 153(3): p. 384-393.
[15] K.J. Bosschaart and L.P.H.d. Goey, Detailed analysis of the heat flux method for measuring burning velocities. Combustion and Flame, 2003. 132(1-2): p. 170-180.
[16] A.L. Brundage, et al., Thermocouple Response in Fires, Part 2: Validation of Virtual Thermocouple Model for Fire Codes. Journal of Fire Sciences, 2011. 29: p. 213-226.
[17] W.L. Chen, et al., A numerical study on applying slot-grooved displacer cylinder to a γ-type medium-temperature-differential stirling engine. Energy, 2018. 144.
[18] H.D. Huang and W.L. Chen, Development of a compact simple unpressurized Watt-level low-temperature-differential Stirling engine. Energy Research, 2020. 44(14): p. 12029-12044.
[19] G.D. Ulrich, Theory of particle formation and growth in oxide synthesis flames. Combustion Science and Technology, 1971. 4(1): p. 47-57.
[20] S.E. Pratsinis, Flame aerosol synthesis of ceramic powders. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1998. 24(3): p. 197-219.
[21] M.S. Wooldridge, Gas-phase combustion synthesis of particles. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1998. 24(1): p. 63-87.
[22] F. Altendorfner, et al., Plasma- and Electric Field Control of Natural Gas Combustion. 2006.
[23] S. Li, et al., Flame aerosol synthesis of nanostructured materials and functional devices: Processing, modeling, and diagnostics. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2016. 55: p. 1-59.
[24] A. Adeosun, et al., Characterization of a new Hencken burner with a transition from a reducing-to-oxidizing environment for fundamental coal studies. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2018. 89.
[25] Z. Azizi, et al., Dimethyl ether: A review of technologies and production challenges. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2014. 82: p. 150-172.
[26] T. Shudo and H. Yamada, Hydrogen as an ignition-controlling agent for HCCI combustion engine by suppressing the low-temperature oxidation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007. 32(14): p. 3066-3072.
[27] C. Liang, C. Ji, and X. Liu, Combustion and emissions performance of a DME-enriched spark-ignited methanol engine at idle condition. Applied Energy, 2011. 88(11).
[28] K.C. Tokay, G. Dogu, Dimethyl ether synthesis over alumina based catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012. 184: p. 278-285.
[29] G.A. Olah, A. Goeppert, and G.K.S. Prakash, Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy. 2009, Los Angeles, USA: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
[30] S.I. Yang, M.S. Wu, and C.Y. Wu, Application of biomass fast pyrolysis part I: Pyrolysis characteristics and products. Energy, 2014. 66: p. 162-171.
[31] P.H. Pandey, et al., Biochemicals and Materials Production from Sustainable Biomass Resources. 2022: Elsevier.
[32] V. Barbarossa, et al., Sulfonated catalysts for methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME). Materials Research Bulletin, 2019. 113: p. 64-69.
[33] J. Palomo, et al., Efficient methanol dehydration to DME and light hydrocarbons by submicrometric ZrO2-ZSM-5 fibrillar catalysts with a shell-like structure. Fuel, 2022. 315.
[34] S.H. Lima, et al., Niobia-alumina as methanol dehydration component in mixed catalyst systems for dimethyl ether production from syngas. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2014,. 488: p. 19-27.
[35] M.N. Goda, A.E.A. Said, and H.N. Abdelhamid, Highly selective dehydration of methanol over metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived ZnO@Carbon. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021. 9(6).
[36] A.E.A. Said, M.N. Goda, and M.A. Kassem, Promotional Effect of B2O3, WO3 and ZrO2 on the Structural, Textural and Catalytic Properties of FePO4 Catalyst Towards the Selective Dehydration of Methanol into Dimethyl Ether. Catalysis Letters, 2020. 150(6): p. 1714–1728.
[37] P.R.-. Vega, et al., Experimental implementation of a catalytic membrane reactor for the direct synthesis of DME from H2+CO/CO2. Chemical Engineering Science, 2021. 234.
[38] M.H. Zhang, et al., Pd/CNT-promoted Cusingle bondZrO2/HZSM-5 hybrid catalysts for direct synthesis of DME from CO2/H2. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2013. 451: p. 28-35.
[39] G. Bonura, et al., The influence of different promoter oxides on the functionality of hybrid CuZn-ferrierite systems for the production of DME from CO2-H2 mixtures. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2017. 544: p. 21-29.
[40] A. Banu and Y. Bicer, Integration of methane cracking and direct carbon fuel cell with CO2 capture for hydrogen carrier production. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022. 47(45): p. 19502-19516.
[41] T. Witoon, et al., Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO2 and H2 over novel bifunctional catalysts containing CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 catalyst admixed with
WOx/ZrO2 catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018. 348: p. 713-722.
[42] C.Y. Wu, W.C. Yu, and C.C. Cheng, Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether Oxidation in a Preheated Pt-γ-Al2O3 Catalytic Reactor. Combustion Science and Technology, 2021. 193(15): p. 2553-2572.
[43] R.P. Ozerov and A.A. Vorobyev, Physics for Chemists. 3 - Molecular Physics. 2007: Elsevier.
[44] A.J. Organ, Stirling cycle engines: Inner workings and design. 2014: John Wiley & Sons.
[45] C.Y. Wu, et al., The application of an innovative integrated Swiss-roll-combustor/Stirling-hot-end component on an unpressurized Stirling engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021. 249.
[46] F.A. Farret, Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy. 2006.
[47] I. Dincer and C. Zamfirescu, Thermodynamic Aspects of Energy. Comprehensive Energy Systems, 2018. p. 153-211.
[48] O. Erixno, et al., Energy management of renewable energy-based combined heat and power systems: A review. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2022. 51(101944).
[49] J. Harrison and E. On, 8 - Stirling engine systems for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications. 2011, Woodhead Publishing. p. 179-205.
[50] S. Zhu, et al., A review of Stirling-engine-based combined heat and power technology. Applied Energy, 2021. 294(116965).
[51] J. Coventry and C. Andraka, Dish systems for CSP. Solar Energy, 2017. 152: p. 140-170.
[52] M. Güven, H. Bedir, and G. Anlaş, Optimization and application of Stirling engine for waste heat recovery from a heavy-duty truck engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019. 180: p. 411-424.
[53] K. Laazaar and N. Boutammachte, Development of a new technique of waste heat recovery in cement plants based on Stirling engine technology. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022. 210(118316).
[54] C. Arcoumanis, et al., The potential of di-methyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel for compression-ignition engines: A review. Fuel, 2008. 87(7): p. 1014-1030.
[55] E. ToolBox. Fuels - Higher and Lower Calorific Values. 2003 [cited 2022 April 12]; Available from: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.html.
[56] S. McAllister, J.Y. Chen, and A.C. Fernandez-Pello, Fundamentals of Combustion Processes. 2011, New York: Springer.