台灣地區水庫因天然地質及人為不當開發等因素，造成淤積情形十分嚴重，淤泥的堆積影響水庫的使用年限甚鉅。台灣地區46 座有詳細淤積測量之水庫，總淤積率約為18%，其中以東部地區淤積率最低不到1%，西部之北、中、南區水庫，有半數左右其淤積率高於30 %，情況較為嚴重。石門水庫位於桃園縣境內淡水河支流大漢溪中游，地處大溪鎮與龍潭鄉、復興鄉、新竹縣關西鎮之間。水庫集水區面積763.4平方公里、總蓄水量309,000×103 m3，目前有效總蓄水量約為208,976.0×103 m3，淤積率達32.37%。為延長水庫壽命增加水庫儲水效益，淤積的清理是刻不容緩的工作，水庫淤積清理包括二項重要工作，一為淤泥之清除，另一為淤泥之資源化。
本研究以採自石門水庫之淤泥為試驗樣品，淤泥之化學組成經分析係位於Riley三成份相圖之膨脹區中，顯示適於燒製輕質骨材。將水庫淤泥以不同的熱處理條件燒製，結果顯示：隨著燒結溫度的升高，骨材內部孔隙之數量及大小有逐漸增多(大)及擴大連通之趨勢；密度及抗壓強度隨燒結溫度的升高而降低；隨著持溫時間的增加，氣體的揮發持續進行，體密度及抗壓強度則降低，惟在瓷化溫度(約1200˚C~1250˚C)以上，視密度增大，顯示持溫使內部孔隙減少；升溫速率則對骨材密度之影響並不大。在不同燒結溫度下，抗壓強度隨升溫速率的增加，皆有增加，惟幅度不大，顯示升溫速率對抗壓強度，基本上無不利之影響。
燒製輕質骨材之最佳條件為：升溫速率5~15˚C/min，1200˚C~1250˚C持溫30 min，燒製之輕質骨材，體密度在1.45~1.77 g/cm3，吸水率低於1% ，抗壓強度在30.07~20.80 MPa之間，符合土木工程配製結構用輕質混凝土之要求，另在1300˚C燒製之輕質骨材亦符合隔熱用輕質混凝土用途之要求。

Due to geological condition and improper exploitation, the reservoirs in Taiwan have serious sediments problems, which shorten the life of reservoirs. In Taiwan Province, there are 46 reservoirs, which have detailed sedimentation survey. The total sedimentation amounts are estimated about 18%. Among the reservoirs, in eastern Taiwan, the sedimentations are the lowest, not more than 1%. While in the western, in north, center and south location, half of them sedimentations are over 30%. The situations are quite serious. The Shihmen Reservoir is located in the mid-stream of Tahan River. It is in the administrations of Daxi, Lungtan and Fuxing Townships of Taoyuan County, and of Guanxi Township of Hsinchu County. The area of reservoir watershed is 763.4 square km2 and total capacity is 309,000×103 m3. Its current effective total capacity is approximately 208,976.0×103 m3 and the sedimentation is 32.37%. In order to increase lifetime of reservoirs as well as to increase their capacity, sediments cleansing is a task not to be delayed. The disposal of reservoir sediments includes two major works, one is the removal of sediments, the other is its transformation to useful resources.
Sediments taken from Shihmen Reservoir were tested in this study. The analysis showed that the chemical composition was located in the bloating region of Riley diagram, suggesting its feasibility for lightweight aggregates manufacturing. Reservoir sediments were prepared at different conditions, the results show: raising sintering temperature increases the amount and size of closed pores, as well as the connectivity among the pores. The density and compressive strength decrease as sintering temperature is lengthen. The Bulk density and compressive strength decrease as sintering duration is lengthen, while the apparent density increases for above vitrification temperatures (ca. 1200˚C~1250˚C). The heating rate does not significantly influence the density of the aggregates. Compressive strength increases as the heating rate is increased, however the extent is minor.
The optimal conditions of preparing lightweight aggregates are: heating rate 5~15˚C/min, sintering temperature 1200˚C~1250˚C, duration 30 minutes. The properties of aggregates prepared are: bulk density 1.45~1.77 g/cm3; water absorbing less than 1%; compressive strength 30.07~20.80 MPa. The aggregates can be used for manufacturing lightweight concrete for structural application in civil engineering. Lightweight aggregates prepared at 1300˚C can be used for manufacturing lightweight concrete for insulation prepares.

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