本論文主要目標是建立一個水下聲波量測系統來驗證水下聲波的量測校準原理，並將其應用於水下聲波成像。我們利用單向系統獲得金屬圓柱體的聲場散射值，即：換能器在遠場發射聲波照射金屬圓柱並且在遠場同一地點接收金屬圓柱的散射值。之後我們利用掃描技術擷取更多的散射資料，掃描技術又可以區分為角度掃描和頻率掃描。最後我們把散射資料填補到傅氏空間，經由二維線性內插法和二維逆向傅立葉轉換後，我們就可以得到影像的重建。本論文包含理論模擬與實驗：
在理論模擬中，我們模擬不同材質和半徑的圓柱體的影像重建，並且使用多頻率掃描和多角度掃描獲得更多的散射值。從結果可以分析出多頻率掃描影響物體影像的解析度，多角度掃描影響物體影像的輪廓。
在實驗的部分，針對半徑10公分，高度40公分的鐵製圓柱進行影像的重建，來證明量測校準及成像理論的準確性，成像實驗的結果均能符合預期。本研究對於水下資源探勘，沉船的研究，以及非破壞性檢測等，均有其潛在性的實用價值。

The main purpose of this thesis is to establish the theorem and measured system of underwater acoustic imaging. We obtain scattering values of the metal cylinder by utilizing the monostatic system. It means transducer transmits an acoustic wave to illuminate the metal cylinder and receives scattering values of metal cylinder in the far field. Then, we acquired more scattering data by utilizing diversity techniques. Diversity techniques can be divided into angular diversity and frequency diversity. Finally, we put scatter data in Fourier space by bi-linear interpolation and two-dimensional inverse Fourier transformation and then we can get the image reconstruction.
In the theorem, we simulate image reconstruction of cylinder of different materials and radius, and using multi-frequency diversity and multi-angular diversity to obtain more scattering value. We analyze the simulated result that the multi-frequency diversity technique influences the resolution of object imaging, and the multi-angular diversity technique influences the contour of object imaging.
In the experiment, we process the image reconstruction on the iron cylinder whose radius and high are 10 cm and 40 cm to prove the accuracy of imaging theory. In addition, we illustrate the method of calibration. The experimental result of our image reconstruction was as expected. This shows potential values for diversity techniques to be applied in exploring underwater resources, researching shipwrecks, and testing non-destructively.

[1] 林峰立，“微波影像之解釋與預測”，國立台灣大學電機工程研究所，碩士
論文，1989。(指導教授：李學智老師)
[2] K. C. Lee, J. S. Ou and C. H. Huang, "Angular-diversity radar recognition of ships by transformation based approaches － including noise effects", Progress In Electromagnetic Research, PIER 72,145-158, 2007.
[3] K. C. Lee and J. S. Ou, "Radar target recognition by using linear discriminant algorithm on angular-diversity RCS," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 14, pp. 2033-2048, 2007.
[4] Kun-Chou Lee, Lan-Ting Wang, Jhih-Sian Ou, Chih-Wei Huang, “An Efficient Algorithm for the Radar Recognition of Ships on the Sea Surface,” Proceedings of IEEE/MTS Oceans 2007 Conference,Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 1-6, S, 2007.
[5] 趙儒民、郭建均、涂季平，“網路化之單機多頻水下聲響控制及通訊系統開發”，中國造船暨輪機工程學刊，Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 23-28, 2003.
[6] 謝銘信、趙儒民，“水下獨立通信系統之實現”，海洋技術季刊，第十三卷第四期，pp. 22-29, 2004.
[7] 陳崇仁，“聲波受彈性圓柱殼體散射之研究”，國立台灣大學造船暨海洋工程研究所，碩士論文，1998。(指導教授：黃維信老師)
[8] 許振祥，“聲波遇圓柱體所以引致之散射問題”，國立台灣大學造船及海洋工程研究所，碩士論文，1989。(指導教授：楊慧珠老師)
[9] 傅中其，“球面聲波入射無限長彈性圓柱體的散射研究”，國立台灣大學造船及海洋工程研究所，碩士論文，1994。(指導教授：謝傳璋老師、黃維信老師)
[10] Lord Rayleigh, THE THEORY OF SOUND (Dover Publications, New York, 1945), first edition.
[11] P. M. Morse, VIBRATION AND SOUND (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1948), second edition.
[12] J. J. Faran, Jr., “Sound Scattering by Solid Cylinders and Spheres,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 23, pp. 405-418, 1951.
[13] D. Brill and H. Uberall,“ Acoustic Waves Transmitted through Solid Elastic Cylinders,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 50, pp. 921-939, 1971.
[14] W. G. Neubauer, R. H. Vogt and L. R. Dragonette, “Acoustic Reflections from Elastic Spheres. I. Steady-state Signals,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 55, pp. 1123-1129, 1974.
[15] I. B. Andreeva and V. G. Samovo’kin, “Sound Scattering by Elastic Cylinders of Finite Length,” Sov. Phys. Acoust. 22, pp. 361-364, 1977.
[16] N. N. Bojarski, “A Survey of Physical Optics Inverse Scattering Identity,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. AP-30, No. 3, pp. 980-989, 1982.
[17] Tah-Hsiung Chu, Ding-Bing Lin “Microwave density imaging of perfectly conducting objects in the near-field region,” IEEE Tans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 480-487, 1991.
[18] Hsin-Chia Lu, Tah-Hsiung Chu “Microwave diversity imaging using six-port reflectometer,” IEEE Tans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 84-87, 1999.
[19] Tah-Hsiung Chu, Farhat N. “Multiple scattering effects in microwave diversity imaging,” Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 24, pp. 69-72, 1986.
[20] Tah-Hsiung Chu, Ding-Bing Lin “Bistatic microwave diversity imagery,” Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 2, pp. 1028-1031, 1990.
[21] J.-H. Lin and W. C. Chew, “Ultrasonic imaging by local shape function method with CGFFT,” IEEE Trans. Ultras. Ferroelec. Freq. Control, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 956-969, 1996.
[22] C. C. Lu, J.-H. Lin, W. C. Chew and G. Otto, “Imaging reconstruction with acoustic measurement using distorted Born iteration method,” Ultras. Imag., Vol. 18, pp. 140-156, 1996.
[23] 鄭勝文、湯換昇，“水下合成孔徑超音波全像術在非破壞性檢測上之應用”，NTU-NAOE Tech. Report 440，1993.
[24] G.-P.J. Too, “Application of Source Distributed Method for Acoustic Holography”, Inter-noise (invited paper), 2001
[25] J. Ylitalo E. Alasaarela and J. Koivukangas “Ultrasound Holographic B-Scan Imaging,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelec., Freq. contr., Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 376-383, 1989
[26] 鄭勝文、陳俊超，“成像聲納之研究－脈波壓縮及合成孔徑技巧之應用”，NTU-NAOE Tech. Report 445，1994.
[27] Gabor D., “A New Microscpoe Principle,” Nature 16, 1777, 1948.
[28] 劉金源，“水中聲學－水聲系統之基本操作原理”，國立編譯館，2001。
[29] 吳欣樺，“使用寬頻波束形成技術於水下超音波成象”，國立台灣海洋大學電機工程研究所，碩士論文，2004。(指導教授：林俊華老師)
[30] 張力中，“水下超音波陣列系統之研發”，國立台灣海洋大學電機工程研究所，碩士論文，2005。(指導教授：張忠誠老師)
[31] 黃智宏，“使用超音波逆散射訊號統計模型於骨質疏鬆之臨床偵測”，中原大學醫學工程學系，碩士論文，2003。(指導教授：王士豪老師)
[32] 周詹閔，“反射式超音波斷層掃描”，國立台灣大學電機工程研究所，碩士論文，1997。(指導教授：曹建和老師)
[33] 陳立岱，“合成孔徑技術運用在水中物體之成像”，國立臺北科技大學電腦通訊與控制研究所，碩士論文，2002。(指導教授：林丁丙老師、古碧源老師)
[34] 潘卓然，“近場照射金屬物體之微波影像”，國立台灣大學電機工程研究所，碩士論文，1999。(指導教授：瞿大雄老師)
[35] 李坤洲，“金屬圓柱於多像微波成像系統之極化效應＂，國立台灣大學電機工程研究所，碩士論文，1991。(指導教授：瞿大雄老師)
[36] 林丁丙，“多向微波成像系統原理、方法與實驗”，國立台灣大學電機工程研究所，博士論文，1993。(指導教授：瞿大雄老師)
[37] 潘美琪，“環型陣列式超音波量測系統與聲場散射實驗”，國立成功大學機械工程研究所，碩士論文，2007。(指導教授：李永春老師)
[38] 吳健安，“聲波於水中傳遞之非線性特性之研究”，國立成功大學造船及船舶機械工程研究所，碩士論文，1997。(指導教授：涂季平老師)
[39] H. J. Li, G. T. Huang and S. L. Yen “Nonuniformly Spaced Array Imaging,” IEEE Tans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 278-286, 1993.
[40] 陳宗志，“微波極化量測系統之建立與應用”，國立台灣大學電機工程研究所，博士論文，1992。(指導教授：瞿大雄老師)
[41] C.-Y. Hsieh and S.-H. Chang, “Single and Multiple Surface Scatterings From rough surfaces,” Journal of Marine Science and Technology, pp.329-333, 2004.