潰瘍性結腸炎是一種發生在結腸黏膜下層的非特異性發炎疾病，此疾病的成因至今仍不明瞭，基因遺傳、環境因素和飲食習慣皆可能與潰瘍性結腸炎的發生相關。羅望子木糖葡萄聚糖是從羅望子樹的種籽中所分離出來的多醣類，具有抗氧化的功能，被用來治療腹瀉和胃腸道疾病。然而，羅望子木糖葡萄聚糖對於潰瘍性結腸炎是否具有保護作用仍未被探討。因此，本研究的目標為探討羅望子木糖葡萄聚糖對於小鼠的潰瘍性結腸炎之保護作用及其可能的機制。羅望子木糖葡萄聚糖由羅望子樹 (Tamarindus indica) 的種籽中所萃取。以葡聚糖硫酸鈉添加於小鼠飲用水中，連續七日以誘發急性腸炎，同時，利用管餵的方式連續七日給予小鼠羅望子木糖葡萄聚糖 (150或300毫克/公斤體重)，實驗期間每天進行結腸炎疾病活性指標的評估，於第8天時將小鼠犧牲，取其結腸組織進行後續的病理分析。結果顯示，潰瘍性結腸炎小鼠餵食羅望子木糖葡萄聚糖：(1)可提升小鼠飲食攝取量及結腸長度；(2)降低小鼠結腸炎疾病活性指標、脾臟重量，改善腹瀉及血便的情形；(3)降低黏膜潰爛水腫、細胞浸潤和隱窩膿腫；(4)降低黏液素1，黏液素2和整體黏液素的表現量；(5)減少腫瘤壞死因子-α、介白質-1β和介白質-6的產生，提升介白質-10的表現；(6)降低NADPH氧化酶的表現，減少丙二醛、超氧陰離子的產生；(7)抑制TLR4、MyD88、p-IкB、NF-кB、COX-2的表現。綜合以上結果，羅望子木糖葡萄聚糖可能經由干擾TLR4/NF-кB的訊號傳遞，來降低結腸黏膜細胞之氧化壓力與發炎反應，達到防治小鼠潰瘍性結腸炎之效果。

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with nonspecific inflammatory disorder of the bowel. Although the precise etiology of UC remains unknown, the disease appears to be related with genetic and environmental factors. Tamarind-xyloglucan (TXG) is a galactoxyloglucan isolated from seed kernel of Tamarindus indica which possesses anti-oxidative property and has been used for treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal disorder. However, the protective effect of TXG against UC has never been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of TXG against UC in mice. TXG was extracted from seeds of Tamarindus indica. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administered in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Simultaneously, TXG (150 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.) was given for 7 days. TXG (i) increased feed intake and colon length; (ii) decreased DAI, spleen weight, diarrhea and fecal blood; (iii) attenuated submucosal ulceration, edema, inflammatory cell infiltrations and crypt abscesses; (iv) decreased muc1, muc2 and whole mucin expression; (v) decreased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, but increased IL-10; (vi) decreased NOX expression, MDA level and superoxide anion; and (vii) decreased TLR4, MyD88, p-IкB, NF-кB and COX-2 expression in DSS-treated mice. In conclusion, TXG attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in colon mucosa by interfering TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby it protects against ulcerative colitis in mice.

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