在老年人口不斷成長的台灣，血液透析的人數位居世界之冠，除此之外高血糖更是在眾多死亡因子中排名第一。而造成腎功能缺失的主要原因，是因為糖尿病患者的腎臟長期處於高糖的環境，引起腎臟釋放損傷相關分子模式進而引發發炎反應，最終導致腎臟中的鮑氏囊喪失功能，這種由糖尿病誘發的腎臟病稱為糖尿病腎病。當腎臟逐漸失去代謝廢物的功能，達到慢性腎臟病的第5期時，腎臟即被視為無代謝能力，只能透過血液透析代謝體內的廢物以維持生命功能。然而由於糖尿病腎病患者在進行血液透析後需較長的時間止血，使用傳統的止血帶止血潛在著動靜脈廔管和神經損傷的風險。
因此我們希望找出既能夠幫助患者止血，又不會對他們的動靜脈廔管和神經以及肌肉造成損傷的最佳止血壓力。我們利用由水壓幫浦和靜脈穿刺模型組成的循環系統模擬病人的手臂，進行穿刺之後，透過濕度感測器和氣壓感測器測量在特定水壓下所對應的止血帶壓力。實驗結果顯示，止血帶的最佳止血壓力的範圍在60.5和105毫米汞柱之間，均小於幫浦所驅動的水壓，我們推測是因為模型的韌性造成。最佳止血壓力會隨血壓、針頭大小上升。而3mm的血管相較5mm的血管需要更大的止血壓力。

In Taiwan, where the elderly population is growing, the number of hemodialysis patients ranks first in the world. In addition, hyperglycemia ranks first among many death factors. The main reason for the loss of renal function is that the kidneys of diabetic patients are in a high-glucose environment for a long time, causing the kidneys to release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which in turn triggers an inflammatory response and eventually leads to the loss of function of the Bowman's bursa in the kidneys. This kind of disease is called diabetic kidney disease (DKD). When the kidneys gradually lose the function of metabolizing wastes and develop to stage 5 of chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are considered incapable of metabolism and can only metabolize wastes in the body through hemodialysis to maintain life functions. However, since DKD patients need a longer time for hemostasis after hemodialysis, there is a potential risk of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and neuron damage if they use traditional tourniquets.
Therefore, we investigated the optimal hemostatic pressure that would help patients stop bleeding without causing damage to their AVF and nerves, and muscles. We used a circulatory system consisting of a water pressure pump and a venipuncture model to simulate the patient's arm. After puncturing the model, the optimal hemostatic pressure corresponding to specific water pressure is measured through a moisture sensor and an air pressure sensor. The experimental results show that the optimal hemostatic pressure range of the tourniquet is between 60.5 and 105 mmHg, less than the water pressure driven by the pump. We speculate that this is due to the toughness of the model. The optimal hemostatic pressure will increase with blood pressure and needle size. A 3mm vessel requires greater hemostatic pressure than a 5mm vessel.

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