| 研究生: |
許建文 Hsu, Chien-Wen |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
濱海廢棄物的溫度與摩擦力對皺紋陸寄居蟹生存的影響 The effect of temperature and friction of seashore litter on the survival of a land hermit crab Coenobita rugosus |
| 指導教授: |
邱慈暉
Chiou, Tsyr-Huei |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
生物科學與科技學院 - 生命科學系 Department of Life Sciences |
| 論文出版年: | 2015 |
| 畢業學年度: | 103 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 45 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 食物包裝袋 、玻璃容器 、傾斜角度 、高溫 、存活率 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | food package, glass bottle, angle of incline, high temperature, survival rate |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:151 下載:4 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
近年來海岸地區垃圾問題日益嚴重,隨處可見廢棄的容器、包裝袋,除了人為遊憩產出的濱海垃圾之外,也可能經由全球性海洋循環導致垃圾漂流至他岸,這些廢棄物及包裝袋內部殘留的食物香氣會吸引著野生動物前來覓食,其中包含了陸寄居蟹。由於包裝袋或容器內部多半為光滑的材質,陸寄居蟹誤入其中後不容易爬出,導致其曝曬於艷陽下而死亡。
為了探討陸寄居蟹之死亡受人類棄置於海邊的食品、飲料包裝的影響,本研究以台灣南部海口地區的皺紋陸寄居蟹(Coenobita rugosus)為實驗材料。探討陸寄居蟹在光滑材質上的爬坡角度極限,並測量在陽光照射下各種包裝容器內部氣溫變動的情形,從而與寄居蟹耐熱能力作比較。另外測試陸寄居蟹被人工食物吸引進入容器包裝之內的可能性。
結果顯示若出口仰角大於22度,則無任何個體可以順利逃脫此玻璃容器。在夏日陽光照射之下,各種容器內部可達45℃以上並維持8小時之久。在此高溫環境之下,陸寄居蟹約有2個小時可以用於逃脫,環境溫度越高可以活動的時間越少,若陸寄居蟹無法在高溫導致熱休克前逃離,必將會在容器內熱死。人工零食與含糖飲料確實會吸引陸寄居蟹前來覓食,進而吸引陸寄居蟹進入容器包裝中,而藥酒雖然無法吸引陸寄居蟹長時間駐足,為了探索未知的食物,牠們仍有可能會進入容器內嘗試進食。
本研究顯示海濱垃圾確實會對陸寄居蟹帶來生存上威脅,減少海邊的廢棄包裝容器,降低陸寄居蟹死於人為廢棄物的風險,是保育陸寄居蟹的一個重要環節。
Seashores and littoral forests are the major habitats for the land hermit crabs. Due to the increasing human recreational activities, many food packages and bottles are found on the beach which may entrap hermit crabs. Smooth surface of these food packaging materials are almost impossible for hermit crabs to climb up. To test the likelihood of hermit crabs die in the food packaging or bottles on seashore. We firstly test their climbing ability on a smooth slope. Secondly, we test whether heat is potential cause of death by comparing the temperature with thermal tolerance data of hermit crabs. To know what drives hermit crabs to go into these packages lastly, we test the preference of hermit crab to solid and liquid snacks. Here we show that glass bottles could easily trap land hermit crabs since there was no hermit crab could climb up a glass substrate with slope steeper than 22˚. Under the sunshine in summer, all of the bottles will reach to 45 for 8 hours at which temperature they can barely withstand for 2 hours. If a hermit crab try to feed on the leftovers in these food packages or bottles and failed to escape, it will very likely die of heat shocked before ten o’clock the next morning. The result of careless seashore litters left on the beach poses greatest risk for the life of local land hermit crabs.
Altizer, S. M. and Forward Jr, R. B. (1993). Offshore escape response and directional orientation of the striped hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc). Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 22, 97-105.
Barnes, D. K. A. (1997). Ecology of tropical hermit crabs at Quirimba Island, Mozambique: vertical migration (tree climbing). Marine Ecology Progress Series 158, 233-240.
Barnes, D. K. A. and Milner, P. (2005). Drifting plastic and its consequences for sessile organism dispersal in the Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biology 146, 815-825.
Briffa, M., Bridger, D. and Biro, P. A. (2013). How does temperature affect behaviour? Multilevel analysis of plasticity, personality and predictability in hermit crabs. Animal Behaviour 86, 47-54.
Burggren, W. W. and McMahon, B. R. (1988). Biology of the land crabs: Cambridge University Press.
Craig, P. C. (1973). Orientation of the sand-beach amphipod, Orchestoidea Corniculata. Animal Behaviour 21, 699-706.
Cronin, T. W. and Forward Jr., R. B. (1988). The visual pigments of crabs. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 162, 463-478.
de Wilde, P. A. W. J. (1973). On the ecology of Coenobita clypeatus in Curacao with reference to reproduction, water economy and osmoregulation in terrestrial hermit crabs. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and Other Caribbean Islands 44, 1-138.
Dunham, D. W. and Schöne, H. (1984). Substrate slope and orientation in a land hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Decapoda, Coenobitidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology A 154, 511-513.
Fiorito, G. (1986). Is there “pain” in invertebrates? Behavioural Processes 12, 383-388.
Fotheringham, N. (1976). Population consequences of shell utilization by hermit crabs. Ecology 57, 570-578.
Fraenkel, G. (1960). Lethal high temperatures for three marine invertebrates: Limulus polyphemus, Littorina littorea and Pagurus longicarpus. Oikos 11, 171-182.
George, R. W. and Jones, D. S. (1984). Notes on the crab fauna of Mangrove Bay, North West Cape. Western Australian Naturalist 15, 169-175.
Gorman, D., Barros, F. and Turra, A. (2015). What motivates hermit crabs to abandon trapped shells? Assessing the influence of shell value, olfactory attractants, and previous experience. Hydrobiologia 743, 285-297.
Greenaway, P. (2003). Terrestrial adaptations in the anomura (Crustacea: Decapoda). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 60, 13-26.
Grubb, P. (1971). Ecology of terrestrial decapod crustaceans on Aldabra. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 260, 411-416.
Hazlett, B. A. (1971). Antennule chemosensitivity in marine decapod Crustacea. Journal of Animal Morphology and Physiology 18, 1-10.
Hazlett, B. A. (1981). The behavioral ecology of hermit crabs. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 12, 1-22.
Hazlett, B. A., Rubenstein, D. and Rittschof, D. (1975). Starvation, energy reserves, and aggression in the crayfish Orconectes virilis (Hagen, 1870)(Decapoda, Cambaridae). Crustaceana 28, 11-16.
Herreid, C. F. and Full, R. J. (1986a). Energetics of hermit crabs during locomotion: the cost of carrying a shell. Journal of Experimental Biology 120, 297-308.
Herreid, C. F. and Full, R. J. (1986b). Locomotion of hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus) on beach and treadmill. Journal of Experimental Biology 120, 283-296.
Hopkin, R. S., Qari, S., Bowler, K., Hyde, D. and Cuculescu, M. (2006). Seasonal thermal tolerance in marine Crustacea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 331, 74-81.
Kennedy, J. (2014). Talking Trash: 2013 Cleanups. SEA.
Krang, A. S., Knaden, M., Steck, K. and Hansson, B. S. (2012). Transition from sea to land: olfactory function and constraints in the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, 3510-9.
Kuris, A. M. and Brody, M. S. (1976). Use of principal components analysis to describe the snail shell resource for hermit crabs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 22, 69-77.
Kurta, A. (1982). Social facilitation of foraging behavior by the hermit crab, Coenobita compressus, in Costa Rica. Biotropica 14, 132-136.
Lancaster, I. (1988). Pagurus bernhardus (L.)—an introduction to the natural history of hermit crabs. Field Studies 7, 189-238.
McLaughlin, P. A. and Lemaitre, R. (2001). A new Family for a new Genus and new species of hermit crab of the Superfamily Paguroidea (Decapoda: Anomura) and its phylogenetic implications. Journal of Crustacean Biology 21, 1062-1076.
McLaughlin, P. A., Lemaitre, R. and Sorhannus, U. (2007). Hermit Crab Phylogeny: A Reappraisal and Its “Fall-Out”. Journal of Crustacean Biology 27, 97-115.
Morrison, L. W. and Spiller, D. A. (2006). Land hermit crab (Coenobita clypeatus) densities and patterns of gastropod shell use on small Bahamian islands. Journal of Biogeography 33, 314-322.
Nakasone, Y. (2001). Reproductive biology of three land hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Pacific Science 55, 157-169.
Neil, S. J. and Elwood, R. W. (1985). Behavioural modifications during egg-brooding in the hermit crab, Pagurus bernhardus L. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 94, 99-114.
Nishimoto, R. T. and Herrnkind, W. F. (1982). Orientation of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun: Role of celestial cues. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 9, 1-11.
Page, H. M. and Willason, S. W. (1983). Feeding activity patterns and carrion removal by terrestrial hermit crabs at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Pacific Science 37, 151-156.
Quinn, J. M., Steele, G. L., Hickey, C. W. and Vickers, M. L. (1994). Upper thermal tolerances of twelve New Zealand stream invertebrate species. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 28, 391-397.
Randall, J. E. (1964). Contributions to the biology of the queen conch, Strombus gigas. Bulletin of Marine Science 14, 246-295.
Reese, E. S. (1968). Shell use: an adaptation for emigration from the sea by the coconut crab. Science 161, 385-386.
Rittschof, D. and Sutherland, J. P. (1986). Field studies on chemically mediated behavior in land hermit crabs: volatile and nonvolatile odors. Journal of Chemical Ecology 12, 1273-1284.
Rockmann, C., Browne, M. A., Underwood, A. J., Thompson, R. C., van Franeker, J. A. and Amarel-Zettler, L. (2014). Perceived and demonstrated impacts of marine debris. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Marine Conservation Congress.
Severns, M. L. and Johnson, M. A. (1993). The care and fitting of Naka-Rushton functions to electroretinographic intensity-response data. Documenta Ophthalmologica 85, 135-150.
Small, M. P. and Thacker, R. W. (1994). Land hermit crabs use odors of dead conspecifics to locate shells. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 182, 169-182.
Spight, T. M. (1977). Availability and use of shells by intertidal hermit crabs. The Biological Bulletin 152, 120-133.
Taylor, P. R. (1982). Environmental resistance and the ecology of coexisting hermit crabs: Thermal tolerance. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 57, 229-236.
Thacker, R. W. (1996). Food choices of land hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus H. Milne Edwards) depend on past experience. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 199, 179-191.
Vance, R. R. (1972). Competition and mechanism of coexistence in three sympatric of intertidal hermit crabs. Ecology 53, 1062-1074.
Vannini, M. (1975). Researches on the coast of Somalia. The shore and dune of Sar Uanle. 5. Description and rhythmicity of digging behaviour in Coenobita rugosus Milne Edwards. Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento 6, 233-242.
Vannini, M. (1976). Researches on the coast of Somalia. The shore and dune of Sar Uanle. 7. Field observations on the periodical transdunal migrations of the hermit crab Coenobita rugosus Milne Edwards. Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento 7,145-185.
Watt, E. M., Dunham, D. W. and Schöne, H. (1985). Climbing orientation and shell asymmetry in a land hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Decapoda, Paguridea). Crustaceana 48, 104-105.
Wellins, C. A., Rittschof, D. and Wachowiak, M. (1989). Location of volatile odor sources by ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius). Journal of Chemical Ecology 15, 1161-1169.
Willason, S. W. and Page, H. M. (1983). Patterns of shell resource utilization by terrestrial hermit crabs at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Pacific Science 37, 157-164.
王孟偉,高睿莊,劉大綱(2011),旗津海洋垃圾之特性分析及因應管理策略,第33屆海洋工程研討會論文集。
行政院農業委員會林務局(2014),保育類野生動物名錄修正。
施習德(2012),鐵甲武士:東沙島海濱蟹類,海洋國家公園管理處,p.15。