台灣公路毎隔十年至少須舉行一次的總清查，由於過程耗費大量人力物力，因此道路主管機關期許能透過技術的改良，以較低成本和較高效率方式來完成更完整的道路標誌資料建置。對此本研究首先針對高程變化大且視野狹窄之山區道路利用車載光達點雲資料進行道路標示辨識，並於最後加入平坦區域公路辨識結果，進行本方法實行於不同區域之適用性討論。
本研究主要使用物件式分類方法，將龐大的光達點雲資料轉換成網格特徵值後，藉由特徵值找出道路與可能的標誌候選，再利用道路與標誌的空間與位向關係，對山區道路內之「道路標誌」、「反光標誌」、「小型反光標誌」與「路障」進行分類辨識。結果顯示，於研究區內59個道路標示共得50個正確辨識成果，具84.7%正確率，本研究並討論本方法之使用限制。

Highways in Taiwan perform an inventory checking every ten years. Because the traditional way consumed huge manpower, material resources and time, highways authority expects to obtain a more complete road sign information through the improvement of technology, which can be done in a more efficient way with a lower cost. In order to reach such goal, this study first focus on identifying road signs with mobile LiDAR data in the mountain roads, which has severely elevation change and poor line of sight. Eventually, we add in the identified results in flat highway areas, to serve as complement to discuss the method applicability in different areas.
This research mainly uses objective classification method that converts a huge amount of LiDAR data into raster to find the pixels that corresponding to road and probable road sign candidates via feature value. To use spatial and directional relation of the road and road sign in identifying road signs, reflective signs, small reflective signs and roadblocks in a mountain road. In this study, total 59 road signal can be correctly identified and have 84.7% of accuracy. Eventually, the restriction in this method are also discussed.

Antonarakis, AS, Keith S Richards & James Brasington. (2008). Object-based land cover classification using airborne LiDAR. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(6), 2988-2998.
Bachman, Christian G. (1979). Laser radar systems and techniques. Dedham, Mass., Artech House, Inc., 203 p.
Barber, David, Jon Mills & Sarah Smith-Voysey. (2008). Geometric validation of a ground-based mobile laser scanning system. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 63(1), 128-141.
Bartels, Marc & Hong Wei. (2006). Maximum Likelihood Classification of LIDAR Data incorporating multiple co-registered Bands. Paper presented at the Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Remote Sensing/18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.
Clode, Simon, Franz Rottensteiner, Peter J Kootsookos & Emanuel E Zelniker. (2006). Detection and vectorisation of roads from lidar data. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing.
Definiens. (2013).eCognition community. from http://community.ecognition.com/
Dold, Christoph & Claus Brenner. (2004). Automatic matching of terrestrial scan data as a basis for the generation of detailed 3D city models. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 35(B3), 1091-1096.
Dold, Christoph & Claus Brenner. (2006). Registration of terrestrial laser scanning data using planar patches and image data. IAPRS, XXXVI, 5, 78-83.
Elberink, Sander Oude & Hans-Gerd Maas. (2000). The use of anisotropic height texture measures for the segmentation of airborne laser scanner data. International archives of photogrammetry and remote sensing, 33(B3/2; PART 3), 678-684.
Fang, Chiung-Yao, CS Fuh, PS Yen, Shen Cherng & Sei-Wang Chen. (2004). An automatic road sign recognition system based on a computational model of human recognition processing. Computer vision and Image understanding, 96(2), 237-268.
Höfle, Bernhard & Norbert Pfeifer. (2007). Correction of laser scanning intensity data: Data and model-driven approaches. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 62(6), 415-433.
Haala, N, M Peter, A Cefalu & J Kremer. (2008). Mobile lidar mapping for urban data capture. Paper presented at the Proc. 14th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia, Limassol, Cyprus.
Habib, Ayman F, Yu-Chuan Chang & Dong Cheon Lee. (2009). Occlusion-based methodology for the classification of LiDAR data. Photogram. Eng. Rem. S, 75, 703-712.
Hernández, Jorge & Beatriz Marcotegui. (2009). Filtering of artifacts and pavement segmentation from mobile lidar data. Laser09, 329.
Hui, Li, Liping Di, Huang Xianfeng & Li Deren. (2008). Laser intensity used in classification of Lidar point cloud data. Paper presented at the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008. IGARSS 2008. IEEE International.
Im, Jungho, John R Jensen & Michael E Hodgson. (2008). Object-based land cover classification using high-posting-density LiDAR data. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 45(2), 209-228.
Jelalian, Albert V. (1980). Laser radar systems. Paper presented at the EASCON'80; Electronics and Aerospace Systems Conference.
Jensen, John R. (2004). introductory digital image processing:a remote sensing perspective Prentice Hall.
Kaasalainen, S, J Hyyppä, P Litkey, H Hyyppä, E Ahokas, A Kukko & H Kaartinen. (2007). Radiometric calibration of ALS intensity. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the ISPRS Workshop on Laser Scanning 2007 and SilviLaser 2007 Espoo.
Maldonado-Bascon, Saturnino, Sergio Lafuente-Arroyo, Pedro Gil-Jimenez, Hilario Gomez-Moreno & Francisco López-Ferreras. (2007). Road-sign detection and recognition based on support vector machines. Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 8(2), 264-278.
Maoa, JH, QH Zenga, XF Liua & JZ Laib. (2008). Filtering LiDAR Points by Fusion of Intensity Measures and Aerial Images. channels, 580, 660.
Optech. (2011). complete solutions for mobile surveying. 2012, from http://www.optech.ca/lynx.htm
Piccioli, Giulia, Enrico De Micheli, Pietro Parodi & Marco Campani. (1996). Robust method for road sign detection and recognition. Image and Vision Computing, 14(3), 209-223.
Rutzinger, Martin, Franz Rottensteiner & Norbert Pfeifer. (2009). A comparison of evaluation techniques for building extraction from airborne laser scanning. Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, IEEE Journal of, 2(1), 11-20.
Samadzadegan, Farhad, Michael Hahn & Behnaz Bigdeli. (2009). Automatic road extraction from LIDAR data based on classifier fusion. Paper presented at the Urban Remote Sensing Event, 2009 Joint.
Schwarz, KP & N El-Sheimy. (2007). Digital mobile mapping systems state of the art and future trends. Advances in Mobile Mapping Technology, 3-18.
Schwarzbach, Friederike. (2009). Suitability of Different LIDAR Data Sets for 3D Mapping of the Road Environment. Photogrammetrie Fernerkundung Geoinformation, 2009(2), 117-127.
Smadja, Laurent, Jérôme Ninot & Thomas Gavrilovic. (2010). Global environment interpretation from a new Mobile Mapping System. Paper presented at the Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2010 IEEE.
Song, Jeong-Heon, Soo-Hee Han, KY Yu & Yong-Il Kim. (2002). Assessing the possibility of land-cover classification using lidar intensity data. International Archives of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 34(3/B), 259-262.
Toth, Charles K. (2009). R&D of mobile LIDAR mapping and future trends. Paper presented at the Proceeding of ASPRS 2009 Annual Conference (Baltimore, Maryland).
Trimble (2011). eCognition Developer 8.7 Reference Book.
Trimble (2011). eCognition Developer 8.7 User Guide.
Vosselman, George, Ben GH Gorte, George Sithole & Tahir Rabbani. (2004). Recognising structure in laser scanner point clouds. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 46(8), 33-38.
Wagner, Wolfgang, Andreas Ullrich, Vesna Ducic, Thomas Melzer & Nick Studnicka. (2006). Gaussian decomposition and calibration of a novel small-footprint full-waveform digitising airborne laser scanner. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 60(2), 100-112.
Wang, Guofeng, Yunling Zhang, Jiancheng Li & Pengfei Song. (2011). 3D Road information extraction from LiDAR data fused with aerial-images. Paper presented at the Spatial Data Mining and Geographical Knowledge Services (ICSDM), 2011 IEEE International Conference on.
Wehr, Aloysius & Uwe Lohr. (1999). Airborne laser scanning—an introduction and overview. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 54(2), 68-82.
Westby, Judah. (2010). Proposal for Mobile Laser Scanning Vehicle System Lynx Mobile Mapper: Optech Incorporated.
Yang, Bisheng, Lina Fang, Qingquan Li & Jonathan Li. (2012). Automated Extraction of Road Markings from Mobile Lidar Point Clouds. Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing, 78(4), 331-338.
Yu, Si-Jie, Sreenivas R Sukumar, Andreas F Koschan, David L Page & Mongi A Abidi. (2007). 3D reconstruction of road surfaces using an integrated multi-sensory approach. Optics and lasers in engineering, 45(7), 808-818.
Zhang, Wende. (2010). LIDAR-based road and road-edge detection. Paper presented at the Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2010 IEEE.
台灣儀器行(2010)。LYNX測量革命體驗。2012，取自 http://www.ticgroup.com.tw/menu/products/sur/products/3D_move/lynx_01.html
交通部公路總局(2003)。公路基本資料登記管理要點。取自 http://motclaw.motc.gov.tw/Law_ShowAll.aspx?LawID=E0123001&Mode=0&PageTitle=%E6%A2%9D%E6%96%87%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9
交通部公路總局(2006)。公路總局六十年專刊。
江凱偉、饒見有、曾義星(2009)。凡走過必留下空間資訊的測量車--移動式測圖系。土木水利，第36卷(第5期)，64-78。
自強工程顧問有限公司(2012)。應用先進技術於公路設施清查之試辦計畫。
李宏君(2008)。從空載光達點雲之反射強度萃取道路交通標線交點。(碩士) ，國立成功大學。
林建仲(2006)。應用兩階段分類法於交通標誌偵測與辨識之研究。元智大學。取自Airiti Library database。
張小紅(2002)。機載激光掃瞄測高數據濾波及地物提取。(博士)武漢大學。
張雅華、陳俊愷、張國楨(2004)。利用物件導向高解析數值影像分類技術於基隆河土地利用變遷之研究。論文發表於第二屆數位地球國際研討會。
陳榮發 (2011)。利用光達點雲資料自動化建置街道圖效率評估與分析。 (碩士)，國立成功大學。
彭炳勳、謝依達、陳朝圳 (2008)。空載光達雷射穿透率指數與柳杉林葉面積指數之關係探討。台灣林業科學，23，63-73。
曾志煌、陳茂南、張昭芸、溫傑華、張浵(2005)。台灣地區省、縣道路線檢討與編號調整規劃。
曾志煌、陳茂南、許書耕、張勝雄、梁恩輝、邱顯明、詹彥倫 (2004)。 公路基本資料庫建構計畫及公路基本資料調查技術與設備改良計畫(初版一刷 )，交通部運輸研究所。
曾志煌、陳茂南、許書耕、張勝雄、梁恩輝、邱顯明、李尚諭(2003)。 公路基本資料庫構建計畫(一) (出版一刷)，交通部運輸研究所。
黃俊仁、鄭銘章、董基良、林志勇、黃維信、許峻嘉、邱雅莉(2007)。 公路基本資料庫構建計畫(三) (初版一刷)，交通部運輸研究所。
黃韋凱、林銘郎、陳良健、林彥享、蕭震洋 (2010)。物件導向分析方法應用於遙測影像之分區及崩塌地與人工設施分類。航測及遙測學刊，15(1)， 29-49。
董基良、黃維信、林志勇、曾志煌、許書耕、邱雅莉(2011)。全國公路基本資料庫影像更新計畫 (初版一刷)，交通部運輸研究所。
劉榮寬、徐偉城 (2008) 空載光達於地理空間情報之應用。國防雜誌，第23卷，49-60。
謝東發、黃英婷、陳鴻智、林昌鑑 (2012)。 以移動載具（MMS）輔助辦理測繪圖資更新之研究。
羅詔元、陳良健 (2009)。使用空載光達資料萃取森林區立木樹冠。航測及遙測學刊，14(3)，201-210。