地理資源的確實掌握與正確應用是近年地理資訊系統發展的重要課題。隨著空間服務導向架構的快速發展，具有開放特性的地理資料格式及公開的網路服務已大幅排除了資料取得之障礙，但如何利用中介軟體有效整合後端為異質資料之地理資源，建立地理網路服務鏈，並結合空間領域專業知識，仍然是有待突破的挑戰。
本研究擬探討在中介軟體端的地圖介面操作，期許充分利用網路服務取得原為異質性地理資料之優勢，並透過地圖知識的介入而提升地圖內容展示與應用之成效。基於動態取得異質資料之互操作考量，本研究經由地理資料之特性分析，設計符合ISO/TC211 19100系列國際標準之開放地理資料基本描述架構，使所有流通之圖徵具備共同及必要之描述，可供中介軟體進行解讀與判斷，以確保正確之地圖操作。此資料描述架構可適用於任何應用領域，並可視需求自行擴充。本研究進一步透過OGC之地理網路服務標準（WMS、WFS、WCTS、OpenLS及Catalogue Service）建置基礎之空間資訊服務導向架構，透過網路服務鬆散耦合之特性，落實中介軟體之資料取得及處理機制。基礎於資料基本描述架構及分析之「地圖知識與規則」，中介軟體地圖介面之基本操作除可滿足異質性資料在地圖介面之正確展示與運作需求外，也可避免不具備專業知識之使用者發生引用錯誤資訊的危機。中介軟體在空間資料與廣大使用者之間勢必將扮演更為重要的角色，雖然本研究僅針對地理資料之共同特性進行探討，但發展架構具有擴展領域知識之彈性，可進一步達成提升異質空間資訊整合應用成效之目標。

Full accessibility and correct use of distributed geospatial resource are two of the critical issues to recent GIS developments. With the innovated progress of recent geospatial SOA, open geospatial data format and web service have largely removed data acquisition obstacles. How to develop a middleware environment to effectively integrate heterogeneous geospatial resource, take advantages of the chaining capability of geospatial web services and develop built-in professional geospatial knowledge have emerged as our future challenges.
Map interface operations in middleware environment were chosen as the major topic of this research. Besides taking full advantages of the accessibility of heterogeneous geographic data via web service, we expect to further improve the map interface display and application via built-in cartographic knowledge in middleware environment. To achieve better interoperability of heterogeneous data, a general-purpose data description framework based on the fundamental characteristics of geographic data is proposed. Complying with the ISO/TC211 19100 series international standards, the description framework enables all distributed geospatial features to automatically carry common and necessary description information. The middleware can therefore interpret the acquired data content in a standardized way and ensure the correct use of map operations. Served as a common description framework, it can be applied to any application domains and can be expanded whenever necessary. We further established a primitive geospatial SOA following various OGC standards(WMS、WFS、WCTS、OpenLS and Catalogue Service) that allows the middleware to collect and process required data via loose-coupling of web service. Based on the proposed description framework and built-in cartographic knowledge, the developed middleware can meet the demands of the correct display and operation of heterogeneous data in map interface, as well as avoid the possible wrong data use of nave users. It is clear that middleware will play a dominant role to bridge the gaps of users and data providers in the future GIS environment. Though we only focus on the common characteristic of geographic data in this research, the proposed fundamental middleware environment has sufficient flexibility to further improve the integration of heterogeneous data by including additional domain-specific knowledge.

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