研究目的：比較母親的憂鬱症、焦慮症及共病與兒童的性別及其交互作用對孩童的注意缺失與過動問題的影響；方法：利用國科會計劃「產後憂鬱症之前因與後果」所收集的413名婦女，含單純憂鬱症組59名，單純焦慮症組124名，憂鬱混合焦慮症組71名，正常控制組159名，並以長期追蹤的方式，定期以SADS-L對母親進行身心健康的晤談診斷，並於小朋友5歲半至6歲半時，以自編的兒童行為量表來評估其注意缺失與過動問題，其中20名單純憂鬱組兒童（13男，7女）、68名單純焦慮症組的兒童（30男，38女）、31名憂鬱混合焦慮症組兒童（13男，18女）與78名控制組兒童（41男，37女）參與本研究。結果：（1）以母親的症狀組別與兒童性別所形成的二因子變異數分析進行探討，結果發現在兒童的注意缺失問題上，母親的終生診斷與兒童的性別沒有交互作用，兒童性別的主要效果也不顯著，但母親終生診斷的主要效果則達顯著。經Tukey事後比較發現，憂鬱混合焦慮症組母親的小孩明顯較憂鬱症母親的小孩嚴重。在過動問題上，母親的終生診斷與兒童性別沒有交互作用，且母親終生診斷的主要效果也不顯著，但兒童性別在過動問題上的主要效果達顯著，即男生在過動問題上明顯較女生嚴重；（2）將母親分成有憂鬱症組（含單純憂鬱症組與混合組）與無憂鬱症組（含單純焦慮症組與控制組），以母親的症狀組別與兒童性別所形成的二因子變異數分析進行探討，結果發現在注意缺失問題上，母親的終生診斷與兒童性別的交互作用不顯著，且母親的終生診斷與兒童性別的主要效果亦不顯著；在過動問題上，母親的終生診斷與兒童性別的交互作用不顯著，且母親的終生診斷的主要效果亦不顯著，但兒童性別在過動問題的主要效果達顯著，即男生在過動問題上明顯較女生嚴重；（3）將母親分成具焦慮症組（含單純焦慮症組與混合組）與未具焦慮症組（含單純憂鬱組與控制組），以母親的症狀組別與兒童性別所形成的二因子變異數分析進行探討，結果發現，在注意缺失問題上，母親的終生診斷與兒童性別的交互作用不顯著，兒童性別的主要效果亦不顯著，但母親的終生診斷的主要效果則達顯著，即焦慮症母親的小孩在注意缺失問題上較母親沒有焦慮症的小孩要嚴重；在過動問題上，母親的終生診斷與兒童性別的交互作用不顯著，且母親的終生診斷的主要效果亦不顯著，但兒童性別在過動問題的主要效果達顯著，即男生在過動問題上明顯較女生嚴重；結論：學齡前兒童的注意缺失問題是與母親的焦慮症有關，但與母親的憂鬱症無關，而過去研究亦認為焦慮症與ADHD享有某種程度的遺傳因素，且高達20﹪ADHD兒童在日後會發展出焦慮症，推測焦慮症母親透過遺傳，影響下一代的注意缺失問題。另外，本研究發現男女在過動問題上的差異早在學齡前就已出現了。

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