多氯戴奧辛（polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins，以下稱戴奧辛）及多氯呋喃（polychlorinated dibenzo-furans，以下稱呋喃）為化學結構類似的化學物質，大部份的此類化學物質一旦進入生物體就相當安定，對於環境與生態保育方面，此類物質極有可能經由食物鏈形成生物累積。雖然以目前國外文獻所建立之文獻資料顯示，食物攝取為一般族群主要之戴奧辛/呋喃暴露來源，甚至佔總暴露量95%以上，然而對於居住於焚化廠周圍之民眾而言，空氣中戴奧辛/呋喃的暴露可能亦為重要的暴露來源之一。因此，本研究希望能經由居住於焚化廠鄰近民眾之血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度分布，探討民眾可能經由飲食及空氣所攝入之戴奧辛/呋喃劑量，並估計居民之暴露量是否超過世界衛生組織所建議之每日容許攝取量1-4 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid。再者，本研究同時考量個人之基因易感性，以確定個人之易感性與環境戴奧辛/呋喃暴露對於身體健康之交互影響。
　　本研究於民國89年至92年共選取1712位居住於19座焚化廠鄰近之民眾參與本研究。民眾需抽血60mL以供戴奧辛/呋喃濃度分析、13項血液生化檢查、CYP1A1基因多型性分析及完成飲食半定量問卷調查、健康問卷調查等。
　　民眾之血液戴奧辛/呋喃平均濃度為19.7 pg-WHO-TEQ/g lipid，其中女性、年齡較長者、民眾體脂比例較高者之血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度顯著比其他人高；非抽煙者之血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度最高，二手煙暴露者次之，有吸煙者最低。
於空氣暴露與血液戴奧辛/呋喃濃度之關係方面，發現民眾血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度跟空氣中戴奧辛/呋喃暴露劑量、焚化廠操作時間長短均沒有呈現正向關係，但是較高的空氣戴奧辛/呋喃暴露指標可能會影響居民血液中17種戴奧辛/呋喃的濃度分布趨勢。
　　於飲食暴露對於血液戴奧辛/呋喃濃度的影響方面，發現葷食者血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度顯著高於素食者，有吃當地自產食品的民眾之血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度亦有較高的現象。於不同區域分析方面，發現居住於漁村及海港之民眾血液戴奧辛/呋喃平均濃度最高(24.1 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid)，往後依序為工業型(21.8)，鄉村型(17.9)，都會型(17.0)，最低為都會及城鎮(16.5)。本研究進一步經複回歸分析調整年齡、性別、抽煙、體脂肪後，發現海水魚類的攝取量明顯的與血液戴奧辛/呋喃濃度呈現正向關係，蛋類及豆腐類之攝取量則成負向關係，此結果與目前食品中分析得知魚類中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度較高，且台灣居民有較大之魚類攝取量為相符之結果。此外，根據本研究之分析資料顯示，蛋類之攝取與全脂乳攝取習慣有關，因此蛋類之攝取與血液戴奧辛/呋喃可能有假相關現象。而豆腐則因文獻資料顯示豆類食品可能有助於降低體脂肪，且飲食中的豆類食品可誘發第II期代謝酵素如 quinone reductase and UDP-GST，因此，豆腐所誘發的第二期代謝酵素可能會增加戴奧辛/呋喃類化合物的代謝，進一步保護人體對於外來化學物質的傷害。
　　於健康分析方面，發現血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度增加，血糖及血液尿素氮亦隨之增加，且有高血壓及糖尿病歷史者與民眾血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度有顯著的關係，此結果與目前文獻上曾發現戴奧辛/呋喃職業暴露族群與糖尿病之正向關係呈現一致之結果。同時考慮基因易感性後，結果發現僅GPT肝功能檢查指標同時與基因多型性與及血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度有關，此結果顯示CYP1A1基因多型性與血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度均對於民眾之肝功能GPT檢查有一定的影響。
　　經由飲食模組轉換民眾之平均每日個別食物攝取量後，以食品中分析所得之戴奧辛/呋喃濃度值進行計算，總計所有研究對象之平均戴奧辛/呋喃總攝取劑量為0.393 pg WHO-TEQ/kg b.w./day。以台灣地區而言，每克食物中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度平均以海水魚濃度最高、淡水魚及牛肉次之。經過劑量計算後發現空氣來源僅佔總攝取劑量2.56 ％，而食物佔總攝取劑量97.4％。複回歸分析結果顯示民眾血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度與每日攝取戴奧辛/呋喃劑量呈顯著關係，但是每日攝取戴奧辛/呋喃劑量尚未考慮其他食物如蔬菜、水果及穀物等，因此本研究之總戴奧辛/呋喃攝取劑量可能略有低估。
此外，已有研究指出於焚化廠附近之產地蔬果中所含戴奧辛/呋喃濃度可能較高，且由本研究中發現居民有攝取當地所產食品者，其血液中戴奧辛/呋喃濃度可能較高，然而，對於台灣地區居住於焚化廠鄰近地區居民而言，食用自產蔬果或食品對於其本身的累積或提高多少比例之戴奧辛/呋喃及其攝取劑量尚無法由本研究做進一步的推論。因此未來應特別注重民眾之飲食來源是否受到該地污染源如焚化爐排放或是露天燃燒行為等影響，相信未來在進行低暴露族群如居住於焚化廠附近民眾之戴奧辛/呋喃暴露風險推估時，能提供更明確的飲食暴露資訊。

　　Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) is a group of toxic substances generated unintentionally as by-products from human activities such as combustion, paper processing, and pesticide production. Most PCDD/Fs are resistant to environmental and biological degradation, and dispersed into environment through water, soil, foods, and the atmosphere. It has been estimated that more than 95% of serum PCDD/Fs are attributable to the consumption of various food groups. The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the serum PCDD/Fs patterns of residents living in the vicinity of functioning incinerators and to examine how dietary patterns or air exposure were associated with their serum PCDD/F concentrations. In addition, this study intended to estimate the average daily intake of dioxin-like compounds and to examine the interactive influence of CYP1A1 genotypes and PCDD/Fs exposure on health influences.
　　One thousand seven hundred and twelve volunteers living near incinerators were recruited from 2000 to 2003. All selected subjects were between 18-65 years old and proportionally chosen from each age group based on population distribution. In addition, they had to have lived within a 5-km radius of the incinerator for at least 5 years. All subjects needed to complete health and dietary questionnaires, 13 blood biochemistry test, analysis of genetic polymorphism at CYP1A1/Msp 1 and Nco 1, and serum PCDD/Fs analysis.
　　Average serum PCDD/Fs levels were 19.7 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid. Higher serum PCDD/F levels were found in older than in younger subjects, and higher PCDD/F concentrations were found in females than in males. In addition, nonsmokers and passive smokers showed higher levels of PCDD/Fs than active smokers.
　　The serum PCDD/Fs levels of people were not associated to the ambient exposure dose or operated period of incinerator. However, distributions of 17 serum PCDD/Fs congeners were affected by different ambient exposure dose.
　　For dietary analysis, serum PCDD/Fs level was significantly higher in non-vegetarian than vegetarian, and higher in subjects responding they often eat local food than those responding never. The result also presented the distribution of serum PCDD/Fs levels in different groups. The highest serum PCDD/Fs level was observed in a fishing port (24.1 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid), the following is in industrial area (21.8 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid), in rural area (17.9), in urban area (17.0), and the lowest is in urban and rural area (16.5). The significant positive multivariate-adjusted association was found between serum PCDD/F levels and sea fish intake and negative in egg and tofu intake. We might suggest that if people took more soybean protein such as tofu, then lower serum PCDD/Fs levels might be expected in relation to less body fat content and induction of metabolic enzymes such as quinone reductase and UDP-GST.
　　Significantly elevated levels of glucose and blood urea nitrogen were found in those from low to high serum PCDD/Fs levels, and PCDD/Fs levels were found to be positively associated with hypertension and diabetes even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and smoking status. In addition, the results reported here also suggest that the GPT levels may be modified by interaction of CYP1A1/Msp 1 genotype and dioxin exposure levels after adjustment.
　　The estimated average daily intake of dioxins was 0.393 pg WHO-TEQ/kg body weight/day. Sea fish presented the highest concentration of PCDD/Fs and the followed was fresh water fish and beef. The ambient exposure contributed 2.56% of daily intake and dietary intake contributed 97.4%. However, the vegetables were still not been included for estimating the dietary intake, and it might be under-estimated.
　　Further studies are needed to characterize the variation of other related genes to verify the correlation between serum PCDD/Fs levels and other health effects. Moreover, it will be necessary to set a strategy in foodstuff to prevent the excess PCDD/Fs accumulation from the food planted or grown originally near a probable contaminant source.

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