本研究從美國民間藝術家摩西奶奶（Grandma Moses, 1860-1961）在1950年代的爆紅現象切入，藉由爬梳藝術發展歷程和繪畫主題，剖析作品所蘊含的深層涵義；透過文化記憶和懷舊理論的應用，探討畫作中記憶與懷舊之間的相互關係。本研究旨在審視摩西奶奶的藝術價值，釐清畫作在美國大眾心中歷久不衰之關鍵因素。
論文分為四章，第一章探討了摩西奶奶爆紅後的現實面，揭示了她受到的輕視和批評；第二章梳理摩西奶奶的藝術發展歷程，包括童年啟蒙、裝飾刺繡、模仿再造、風格成型、晚年時期；第三章總整了她的藝術主題，包括鄉村自然風景、傳統農村生活、美國傳統節慶、家庭室內活動；第四章應用文化記憶理論，以「交際記憶」（Collected Memory）和「文化記憶」（Cultural Memory）的概念分析回憶形象；同時應用Google街景服務系統，考察歷史建築和特定地點，進一步以懷舊理論解讀作品中的「反思型懷舊」（Reflective Nostalgia）。
研究發現，摩西奶奶的作品之所以風靡美國大眾，原因在於她觸動了人們內心深處的記憶和懷舊情感，喚醒了共同的集體記憶。她以拼貼與再創造手法，賦予圖像全新的含義，呈現出一種面向未來的懷舊之情，有助於引導觀者反思過去、現在和未來之間的聯繫，為後代提供了重新理解和詮釋的視角。

This study begins with the popularity of American folk artist Grandma Moses (1860-1961) in the 1950s and analyzes the deeper meaning of her paintings by examining their artistic development and subject matter; also explores the interrelationship between memory and nostalgia in her paintings by applying theories of cultural memory and nostalgia. The purpose of this study is to examine the artistic value of Grandma Moses and to identify the key factors that have contributed to the longevity of the painting in the minds of the American public.
The thesis is structured into four chapters. Chapter 1 examines the reality of Grandma Moses' popularity, revealing the criticism she has received; Chapter 2 summarizes the artistic development of Grandma Moses, including childhood enlightenment, decorative embroidery, imitation and reproduction, style formation, and the later years of her life; and Chapter 3 summarizes the themes of her art, which include rural landscapes, traditional farm life, traditional American festivals, and indoor family activities; Chapter 4 applies the theory of cultural memory to analyze the images of memories with the concepts of collected memory and cultural memory; at the same time, the Google Street View system is used to examine the historical buildings and specific locations, and the theory of nostalgia is used to interpret the reflective nostalgia in the works.
The findings indicate that Grandma Moses' works are popular among the American public because they touch people's deepest memories and nostalgia, awakening common collective memories. Her use of collage and reinvention imbues the images with new meaning, presenting a future-oriented nostalgia that prompts reflection on the interconnectedness of the past, present, and future. The study posits Grandma Moses' works not merely as reflections of the past but as insightful reflections of the present, providing a novel perspective for future generations to understand and reinterpret.

一、中文專書
摩西奶奶（Grandma Moses）著，蔣春編譯。《人生隨時可以重來》。北京：同心出版社，2015年。
摩西奶奶（Grandma Moses）著，姜雪晴譯。《人生只有一次，去做自己喜歡的事》。北京：北京聯合出版公司，2015年。
摩西奶奶（Grandma Moses）著，微瀾編譯。《做你最喜歡的事，永遠都不晚》。北京：台海出版社，2017年。
摩西奶奶（Grandma Moses）著，微瀾譯註。《只有心不疲憊，靈魂才會堅韌》。山東：山東文藝出版社，2018年。
摩西奶奶（Grandma Moses）著，老姜、張美秀編譯。《人生永遠沒有太晚的開始》。海口：南海出版公司，2019年。
二、中文翻譯專書
羅伯特．休斯（Robert Hughes）著，《新的衝擊》。天津：百花文藝出版社，2003年。
羅伯特．威廉姆斯（Robert Williams） 著，許春陽、汪瑞、王曉鑫譯。《藝術理論︰從荷馬到鮑德里亞》（Art Theory: An Historical Introduction）。北京：北京大學出版社，2009年。
斯維特蘭娜．博伊姆（Svetlana Boym）著，楊德友譯。《懷舊的未來》（The Future of Nostalgia）。南京：譯林出版社，2010年。
阿斯特莉特．埃爾（Astrid Erll）著，馮亞琳主編。《文化記憶理論讀本》（Materialbuch zur Gedächtnisforschung）。北京：北京大學出版社，2012年。
揚．阿斯曼（Jan Assmann）著，金壽福、黃曉晨譯。《文化記憶：早期高級化中的文字、回憶和政治身份》（Das kulturelle Gedächtnis）。北京：北京大學出版社，2015年。
杜威．德拉伊斯瑪（Douwe Draaisma）著，謝樹寬譯。《懷舊製造所：記憶、時間、與老去的抒情三重奏》。臺北市：漫遊者文化事業股份有限公司，2016年。
Ｅ.Ｈ.貢布里希（Ernst Hans Josef Gombrich）著，楊小京譯。《偏愛原始性—西方藝術和文學中的趣味史》，2016年。
三、英文專書
Barr, Jr, Alfred H. Master of Popular Painting. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1938.
Cleary, Margot. Grandma Moses: American Art Series. New York: Crescent Books, 1991.
Danbom , David B. Born in the Country: A History of Rural America. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.
Davis, Fred. Yearning for Yesterday: A Sociology of Nostalgia. New York: Free Press.
Denenberg, Thomas (ed.). Grandma Moses: American Modern. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Harvard University Press, 2016.
Friedman, Martin L. The Precisionist View in American Art. Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 1960.
Grandma Moses. Grandma Moses: My Life’s History, edited by Otto Kallir. New York: Paper and Row, 1952.
Janis, Sidney. They Taught Themselves: American Primitive Painters of the 20th Century. New York: reprint, Hudson River Press, 1999.
Kallir, Jane. Grandma Moses in the 21st Century. New York: Yale University Press, 2001.
Kallir, Jane. Grandma Moses: The Artist Behind the Myth. New Jersey: Wellfleet Press, 1989.
Kallir, Jane. Grandma Moses: 25 Ｍasterworks. New York: Harry N Abrams, 1997.
Kallir, Jane. The Essential Grandma Moses. New York: The Wonderland Press, 2001.
Kallir, Otto (ed.). Grandma Moses: American Primitive. New York: Doubleday, 1947.
Ketchum, Jr. William C. Grandma Moses: An American Original. New York: New Line Books, 1998.
Marling, Karal Ann. Designs on the Heart: The Homemade Art of Grandma Moses. New York: Harvard University Press, 2006.
Rexer, Lyle. How to look at outsider art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 2005.
Rhodes, Colin. Outsider art: spontaneous alternatives. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2000.
Ritivoi, Andreea Deciu. Yesterday's self : nostalgia and the immigrant identity. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Siefker, Phyllis, Santa Claus. Last of the Wild Men. North Carolina: McFarland & Company.
Warnock, Mary. The Anatomy of Memory: An Anthology. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
四、中文期刊論文
揚．阿斯曼著，金壽福譯：〈文化記憶理論的形成與建構〉，《光明日報》，2016年3月26日，第11版。參見http://theory.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2016/0326/c49157-28228662.html（檢索日期：2023年8月26日）
李明潔。〈美國風俗畫傳奇：摩西奶奶與摩西家族〉。《航空港雜誌社》。（2017年）。
簡．卡里爾著、李明潔譯。〈重新思考摩西奶奶〉。《航空港雜誌社》。第5期（2017年）。
溫建興。〈是什麼成就了摩西奶奶？基於場域理論的考察〉。《美術觀察》。第301期，（2020年）。
五、英文期刊論文
Cummings, Patricia L. “Grandma Moses: Early Quilts and Needlework,” in Walloomsack Review, Vol 15 (Spring, 2015), pp. 16-21.
DaSilva, Fabio, Faught, Jim. “Nostalgia: A Sphere and Process of Contemporary Ideology,” in Qualitative Sociology, 5/1. (March 1982), pp. 47-61.
Federhe , Deborah Anne. “Grandma Moses –Star of Three Shows,” in Curator: The Museum Journal, (May, 2020), pp. 132-139.
Horváth, Gizela. “Faces of nostalgia. Restorative and reflective nostalgia in the fine arts,” Memory, Melancholy and Nostalgia. (April, 2018) , pp. 145-156.
Jentleson, Katherine & Kallir, Jane. “Gallery to Greeting Card: Copyrighting Grandma Moses,” in Art Journal, (July, 2017), pp. 90-94 .
Matt, Susan J. “You Can't Go Home Again: Homesickness and Nostalgia in U.S. History,” in The Journal of American History. Vol. 94, No. 2. (Sep, 2007) , pp. 469-497.
McCann, W. H. “Nostalgia: a review of the literature,” in Psychological Bulletin, Vol 38 Issue 3 (March 2012), pp. 165-182.
Morris, Peter E. “Theories of Memory: An Historical Perspective,” in Theoretical Aspect of Memory. 2nd ed. (June, 1994) , pp .1-26.
六、中文碩士論文
朱婷婷。《論摩西奶奶繪畫中的稚拙美》。江西師範大學美術學院，碩士論文，2017年5月。
七、電子資源
Galerie Saint Etienne, https://www-gseart-com.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: January 12, 2023)
Pop Culture History, https://pop--culture-net.translate.goog/sugaring-off-by-grandma-moses?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: January 12, 2023)
Xroads.virginia.edu, https://xroads-virginia-edu.translate.goog/~MA02/index/freed-index/Quilts/QuiltingBee.html?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: January 12, 2023)
Mystic Stamp company, https://www-mysticstamp-com.translate.goog/Products/United-States/1370/USA/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: January 12, 2023)
Bennington Museum, https://bennington.pastperfectonline.com/Webobject/92F8949E-6B27-46CB-8FB8-267464220680 (Date visited: January 12, 2023)
ENCYCLOpedia.com, https://www-encyclopedia-com.translate.goog/literature-and-arts/art-and-architecture/american-art/hudson-river-school?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: January 12, 2023)
Kolaj Magazine, vol.27 (December 2019) https://www-franforman-com.translate.goog/media-blog/2019/12/4/kolaj-magazine-uncollage-in-photography?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: January 12, 2023)
Live Auctioneers, https://www-liveauctioneers-com.translate.goog/news/be-smart/grandma-moses-what-a-farm-wife-painted/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: January 12, 2023)
Encyclopedia Britannica Online, https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/topic/Currier-and-Ives (Date visited: August 8, 2023)
World Quilts: The American Story, https://worldquilts.quiltstudy.org/americanstory/creativity/quiltingbee (Date visited: August 10, 2023)
Masonite, https://web.archive.org/web/20111020213919/http://www.masonite.com/masonite_history.php (Date visited: August 11, 2023)
Iflgoods.com, https://iflgoods.com/blogs/infos/sugaring-off-why-is-it-called-that-way (Date visited: August 11, 2023)
WIKIART, https://www.wikiart.org/en/grandma-moses/apple-butter-making-1947 (Date visited: August 11, 2023)
homestead.org, https://www.homestead.org/frugality-finance/quilting-recycling-made-beautiful/ (Date visited: August 11, 2023)
WIKIART, https://www.wikiart.org/en/grandma-moses/sugaring-off-1943 (Date visited: August 12, 2023)
DHR: The Vigrania Department of historic Resources, https://www-dhr-virginia-gov.translate.goog/historic-registers/007-1021/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
HMdb.org: The Historical Marker Database, https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=77511 (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
Encyclopedia Americana (1920), https://en-wikisource-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Hoosick_Falls?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
WIKIART, https://www-wikiart-org.translate.goog/en/grandma-moses/checkered-house-1943?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
Bennington Museum, https://bennington.pastperfectonline.com/Webobject/B049416D-0763-496A-94D9-964597332135 (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
Bennington Museum, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjhAkHpqmmY&ab_channel=BenningtonMuseum (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
Bennington Museum, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jL0ufoeSQOE&t=1306s&ab_channel=BenningtonMuseum (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
U.S. Small Business Administration, https://www-sba-gov.translate.goog/success-stories/historic-bookshop-moves-historic-block?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
Scituate Visitors Center, https://scituatevisitorscenter.com/listings/old-oaken-bucket/ (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
LIBRARY, https://www.loc.gov/resource/amss.sb30396b.0/?st=text (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
New York State Covered Bridge Society, https://www-nycoveredbridges-org.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
New York Heritage: digital collections, https://nyheritage.org/collections/covered-bridges-new-york-state?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI75jQmtzfgAMVMtMWBR2NnwvDEAAYASAAEgJ91PD_BwE (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
WIKIPEDIA, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_truss_bridge (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
WIKIPEDIA, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buskirk_Bridge (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
Calenda, https://calenda.org/300702 (Date visited: August 19, 2023)
National Gallery of Art, https://www.nga.gov/features/exhibitions/outliers-and-american-vanguard-artist-biographies/john-kane.html (Date Visited: August 24, 2023)
HIGH, https://high.org/exhibition/gatecrashers-the-rise-of-the-self-taught-artist-in-america/ (Date Visited: August 24, 2023)
Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, https://carnegiemuseums.org/carnegie-magazine/spring-2018/pittsburghs-painter/ (Date Visited: August 24, 2023)
Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Kane (Date Visited: August 24, 2023)
Raphael Levine, https://www.raphaelsonlaw.com/legal-insights/ny-firework-laws (Date visited: August 25, 2023)
HISTORY , https://www.history.com/topics/holidays/july-4th (Date visited: August 25, 2023)
Park Net: National Park Service, https://web.archive.org/web/20000422210540/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/36liberty/36liberty.htm (Date visited: August 25, 2023)
Urban Dictionary, https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=niggerchaser (Date visited: August 25, 2023)
Scarsdale Inquirer, Volume VII, Number 47, 15 October 1926. https://news.hrvh.org/veridian/?a=d&d=scarsdaleinquire19261015.2.4&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- (Date visited: August 25, 2023)
U.S Centennial of Flight Commission, https://web.archive.org/web/20080602012700/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/Early_Balloon_Flight_in_Europe/LTA1.htm (Date visited: August 26, 2023)
HISTORY, https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/wright-brothers (Date visited: August 26, 2023)
zhtw.eferrit.com, https://zhtw.eferrit.com/janus%EF%BC%8C%E9%9B%99%E9%9D%A2%E7%A5%9E/ (Date visited: August 28, 2023)
The Scientist, https://www.the-scientist.com/foundations/death-by-nostalgia-1688-69596 (Date visited: August 28, 2023)
Official Vermont Government Website, https://historicsites.vermont.gov/bennington-monument (Date visited: August 28, 2023)
The Free Dictionary, https://de.thefreedictionary.com/vergegenw%C3%A4rtigen (Date visited: August 28, 2023)
Fast Company & Inc, https://www.fastcompany.com/90925930/first-cybertruck-tesla-design-problems (Date visited: September 7, 2023)
Noise Complaints Group, https://www.noisecomplaintsgroup.com/post/artists-and-business-are-using-nostalgia-because-it-works (Date visited: September 7, 2023)
The New York Times, https://www-nytimes-com.translate.goog/1961/12/14/archives/grandma-moses-is-dead-at-101-primitive-artist-just-wore-out-grandma.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=sc (Date visited: September 7, 2023)