本文以框組版式輕鋼構建築物為例，除說明其發展與系統組成外，也分別從材料、構成要素、施工流程及規範要求等內容來加以說明，再透過案例調查與分析，釐清國內在生產製造及施工精度控制等方面的情形，同時對於施工中所發生影響精度的各種問題也加以瞭解並提出適當的建議，以期有助於輕鋼構建築物在國內之發展。
框組版式輕鋼構建築物主要由基礎、牆體、樓板及屋頂四大部位組成。透過文獻整理了解目前國內外此構造系統精度控制的項目，再藉由現場調查將施工流程(鋼材製造→框組單元組裝→現場安裝)中，對於影響施工精度的各項內容加以釐清，並針對精度控制問題點提出相關建議，以提供未來在構築此類建築物時，有合適的施工精度檢查點和控制的依據，進而提升框組版式輕鋼構的工程品質。
本研究經由上述操作方法，獲得成果重點概述如下：
一、 國內外可參用規範整理
本研究將施工精度區分成「製品精度」與現場「安裝精度」，其中製品精度又可分為「單一材料」與「框組單元組裝」精度。單一材料的部分規範完善，國內業者主要參考CNS1244與CNS6183之規定，即能有效控制鋼材的各項精度。國內框組版式輕鋼構建築物須符合《冷軋型鋼構造建築物施工規範及解說》中之規定，然此規範僅著重在結構性能等安全性的要求，為了並確保調查內容的完整性，在框組單元組裝與現場安裝精度部分，另外彙整國外相關規範做參考，主要有日本《KC型スチールハウス工事標準仕樣書》與《輕鋼構造設計施工指針‧同解說》、中國《低層冷彎薄壁型鋼房屋建築技術規程》徵求意見稿、美國AISI《Prescriptive Method For Residential Cold-Formed Steel Framing》、AISI《Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing General Provisions》、North American Steel Framing Alliance《Low-Rise Residential Construction Details》等規範。
二、 施工精度控制項目
調查得知個案於施工過程精度控制的共通性項目，應屬施工過程的控制要項。冷軋型鋼製造鋼捲寬度、鋼材尺寸及形狀等為檢驗重點。框組單元組主要在進料作業平台水平度、框組尺寸、外覆材安裝精度。在現場安裝精度部分，基礎控制重點為高程、平整度與預埋螺栓位置；牆體為垂直度、吊裝座落位置、整體彎曲度等；樓板為水平度、平整度；屋頂為框組間距、下弦材之水平度與鎖固接合是否確實等項目。無論在框組預組或現場的放樣吊裝組立作業，每一個階段都必須仔細地控制其精度，以降低因各項作業缺失而導致誤差的累積。
三、 施工精度控制問題
施工精度控制問題發生原因會因個案施工條件與施工方式而不同，廠商處理方式也不盡相同。框組板式輕鋼構精度控制問題常因人為疏失、機械誤差、品管未落實或施工程序安排不良等種種因素，所造成精度不佳的問題。如單一材料製造過程中，電腦設定錯誤、碰撞變形或機械老舊；框組單元組裝程序中，構材準備錯誤、吊裝碰撞變形、螺絲鎖固不確實；現場施工安裝時，放樣錯誤標示不清、基礎螺栓預埋位置偏移、牆體構件任意開孔、樓板格柵梁變形、屋頂接合鐵件鎖固不完全等問題。
本研究經由調查記錄個案管控的項目、精度控制問題及處理方式，做為試擬各階段執行對策之依據，冀望提供後續個案於施工時擬定精度管控項目的參考。

In the case study of cold-formed steel houses by the panelized system in Taiwan, the paper explains the constituent elements, construction process and requirement of specification in addition to its development and system composition, followed by clarifying the production, manufacturing and tolerance control of construction in Taiwan through case survey and analysis, in order to understand the propose appropriate recommendations for the various problems affecting the tolerance that occur during the construction. The paper intends to facilitate the development of cold-formed steel buildings in Taiwan.
The cold-formed steel buildings constructed by the panelized system, is mainly comprised of base, wall, floors and roof. The paper provides insight to the projects of tolerance control for this structure in Taiwan and abroad through literature review, followed by clarifying the various contents affecting the construction tolerance of construction process (steel manufacturing→panelized system assembly→site installation) through field survey. The paper also proposes relevant recommendations on the key points of tolerance control to provide suitable inspection points for construction tolerance and basis of control in future construction of such buildings, thereby improving the construction quality of cold-form steel constructed by panelized system.
Trough the aforementioned operational method, the study reaches the results summarized in the follows:
1. Domestic and international standard finishing for reference
The study divides construction tolerance into “product tolerance” and “installation tolerance” of site. Among which the product tolerance can be divided into tolerance of “single material” and “assembly by panelized system.” The complete standards for single material allow the industries in Taiwan to effectively control the various tolerances of steel material with reference to specifications of CNS1244 and CNS6183. The cold-formed steel buildings constructed by panelized system must comply with the specifications in “Standards and Description for Construction of Cold-Formed Steel Buildings;”nonetheless, such standards only emphasize on the requirement such as structural security. To ensure integrity of the survey content, relevant international standards are complied additionally as reference for the assembly of panelized system and tolerance of on-site installation, including the Japanese KC Type Construction Standards Guidelines and Guidelines and Description for Cold-Formed Structural Design and Construction, Chinese Technical Specifications for Lower-Level Cold-Bent Think-Wall Houses Construction, Prescriptive Method For Residential Cold-Formed Steel Framing of AISI in U.S., AISI’s Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing General Provisions, and North American Steel Framing Alliance’s Low-Rise Residential Construction Details.
2. Projects of construction tolerance control
The survey shows that the common projects for the tolerance control in the construction process are attributed to the control projects of construction process. The cold-formed steel manufactured steel width, dimension and shape are the key points of inspection. The panelized system mainly consists of the level of in-bound material platform, panelized system dimension, installation tolerance of covering materials. The key points of basic control for on-site installation tolerance are elevation, flatness and pre-embedded bolts. The key points for wall include verticality, lifting position and the overall curvature. The key points for inspection on the floors include levelness and flatness. The key points for roof consist of distance between panelized systems, levelness of bottom chord member and confirmation of joint bold. Each stage must be carefully controlled with tolerance regardless in panelized system or sample lifting assembly on-site, to reduce loss from all operational flaws that led to accumulation of errors.
3. Problems of construction tolerance control
The tolerance control problems for construction take place due to the different conditions of case construction and methods, while the processing of vendors also varies accordingly. The tolerance control issues for cold-formed steel constructed by panelized system are often resulted from various factors such as human errors, mechanical errors, and unimplemented quality control or poor scheduling of construction procedures, which could cause issues on poor tolerance, including errors in computer setup, deformation resulted from collision or old machines for single-material manufacturing process. Error in preparation of construction materials, deformation from lifting collision, failure in screw locking in the assembly of penalized system; the unclear labeling and error for sampling, shifting location for pre-embedded basic screws, arbitrary hole-drilling on wall constituents, deformation for floor Grille beams, incomplete metal locking for roof…etc. for on-site construction and installation.
The study applies survey records of control projects, tolerance control problems and processing as the basis for drafting the implementation response for each stage in addition to providing reference for follow-up case studies on the projects of tolerance control developed for construction.

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