臺灣自2012年11月23日開始施行室內空氣品質管理法，其中對室內環境中揮發性有機化合物管制除甲醛外，包括苯、四氯化碳、氯仿、1,2-二氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙苯、苯乙烯、四氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、甲苯及二甲苯（對、間、鄰）等12種VOCs。快速城市化進程促進城鄉城市的房屋改造和裝修，經由裝修過程逸散的室內污染物因其對人體健康不利影響而引起民眾的關注。此外現代裝修材料為提升延展性能，添加鄰苯二甲酸酯等半揮發性有機化合物，鄰苯二甲酸酯為半揮發性有機化合物（SVOCs）是現代化學物質廣泛存在室內環境。自2011年起，歐盟委員會根據最低關注濃度 (LCI)、指標污染物、測試方法和詳細規範鄰苯二甲酸SVOC的逸散標準，惟現階段我國並沒有適當的分析方法評估建材PAEs化合物逸散性能。
本研究主旨係參考ISO 16000-25：建築產品中半揮發性有機化合物逸散測定-微型艙法試驗標準，考量臺灣本土氣候條件，最適化設計相關試驗條件及方法構建一套試驗法測試方法，並選用臺灣6種應用於室內地板建築產品（包括再生塑橡膠地板、健康塑仿木地板、再生塑橡膠地板、PVC地板、卡扣塑料地板及覆地毯之複合地板)，透過建置之方法，分析9種塑化劑之半揮發性化合物以了解其逸散特性。另透過新裝修室內環境實場11例調查，分析甲醛和特定 VOCs來源及暴露於相關的健康影響以及新裝修房屋的建築材料的負荷係數。辨識新裝修室內空間甲醛和特定 VOC 的來源，開發健康影響的概率預測模型，並探討複層木質材料以對於室內污染物的潛在貢獻及進一步評估居民的健康風險。
本研究結果完成建構一套建築產品中半揮發性有機化合物逸散測定-微型艙法試驗標準，包括鄰苯二甲酸SVOC 分兩個階段收集，建立以臺灣條件之最適化條件，包括階段 1 逸散檢測實驗（24 h）以溫度 25 °C、相對濕度 50% 和換氣率 2 次/小時的穩定條件，及第 2 階段加熱解吸逸散檢測實驗（40 分鐘空氣採樣），溫度升至 220 ℃，高溫捕集吸附在玻璃微艙體上鄰苯二甲酸酯物質，檢測逸散濃度的變化。結果顯示地板材料逸散9種鄰苯二甲酸酯類包括DEHP、DINP、DNOP、DIDP、BBP、DBP、DIBP、DEP、DMP，兩階段濃度逸散成度不同，第1階段（常溫）逸散濃度是第2階段（高溫）逸散濃度的 0.01-1.2%，顯示地板施工材料的鄰苯二甲酸酯於常溫下較低揮發或逸散。值得注意在第 1 階段僅於S3樣本檢測出 DINP 72.6 (μg/m3)相對於其他的 DINP。這可能是因為 S3 表面有覆蓋地毯，顯示含地毯的地板材料在常溫下可能會逸散 DINP。本研究結果參考歐盟結構材料標準逸散TSVOC ≤ 0.1 μg/m3的限值評價，地板建築材料逸散高於評估標準，有增加住戶健康風險之疑慮。檢測方法和基準可作為未來台灣綠建材標章對於鄰苯二甲酸酯SVOC逸散控制的標準。
實場研究結果顯示客廳和臥室中甲醛和TVOC平均濃度關窗高於開窗條件。複層木材料是房屋室內 VOCs 濃度的重要預測因素。蒙地卡羅模擬推估危害指數和癌症風險( MCS P95) 值分別低於和略高於可接受的水平。本研究首先使用概率和敏感方法建立新裝修房屋中甲醛和特定 VOC 濃度的預測模型。多層木質材料，包括木地板、冷烤漆複層材料和系統家具複層材料對新裝修房屋中甲醛和特定VOCs的具貢獻程度。研究結果提供一種減少建築和建築/家具材料逸散室內污染物的策略。

Rapid urbanization has promoted house renovations and refurbishment in urban and rural cities. Indoor pollutants emitted through renovations and refurbishment processes have raised public concerns owing to their adverse effects on human health. In the present study, the sources of formaldehyde and specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are used to model the health effects associated with exposure to formaldehyde and specific VOCs and the loading factors of building materials for newly renovated homes. The present study is carried out to identify the sources of formaldehyde and specific VOCs in newly renovated houses and develop probabilistic prediction models of the health effects to explore the health risks of residents and the potential contributions of multilayer wood materials responsible for indoor pollutants. In living rooms and bedrooms, the average concentrations of formaldehyde and TVOCs in closed window conditions were higher than those in opened window conditions. Multi-layer wooden structures were a significant predictor of indoor VOC concentrations in houses. The 95 percentile values of Monte Carlo simulations (MCS P95) of the hazard index and cancer risk were lower and slightly higher than the acceptable level, respectively. Prediction models for the concentrations of formaldehyde and selected VOCs in newly renovated houses were first established using probabilistic and sensitive approaches. The multi-layer wood materials, including the wooden floor, cold paint multi-layer wooden materials, and multi-layer materials for system furniture, were responsible for the contribution of these levels of formaldehyde and selected VOCs in the newly renovated houses. Our results provide a strategy for eliminating indoor pollutants emitted from construction and building/furnishing materials.
The phthalate and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are modern chemical substances and extensively existing in the indoor environment. The European Commission stipulated the “European Unified Test Criteria”, since 2011, for the declared specifications of building products (CEN/TS 16516), based on the “lowest concentrations of interest (LCI)”, the index pollutants, test method, and emission standard of “phthalate” and “SVOC” were specified in detail. The purpose of this study is to use six common indoor floor construction products in Taiwan (regenerated pseudoplastic rubber flooring, healthy pseudoplastic imitation wood floor, regenerated pseudo-plastic rubber flooring, PVC floor tile/floor, plastic click floor, composite floor covered with carpet) to detect the changes in the concentration of phthalate emitted to the air. The ISO 16000-25 Indoor air—Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products—micro-chamber method is used to build a DS-BMEMC (glass micro-chamber: volume 630 mL), the SVOC, including phthalate, is collected in two stages, in the stable conditions of temperature 25 °C, relative humidity 50% and air change rate 2 times/h, the Stage 1 emission detection experiment (24 h) is performed, and then the Stage 2 heating-up desorption emission detection experiment (40 min air sampling) is performed, the temperature rises to 220 °C, the phthalate and SVOC adsorbed on the glass micro-chamber is desorbed at a high temperature to catch the air substances, the air is caught by Tenax-TA and Florisil adsorption tube, and then the GC/MS and LC/MSMS analysis methods are used for qualitative and emission concentration analyses of SVOC of two-stage emission, respectively. The findings show that the floor construction materials emit nine phthalate SVOCs: DEHP, DINP, DNOP, DIDP, BBP, DBP, DIBP, DEP, and DMP, the two-stage emission concentrations are different, Stage 1 (normal temperature) emission concentration of six floor construction materials is 0.01–1.2% of Stage 2 (high temperature) emission concentration, meaning the phthalate SVOC of floor construction materials is un-likely to be volatilized or emitted at normal temperature.
An interesting finding is that only S3 was detected DINP 72.6 (μg/m3) in stage 1. Others were detected DINP in stage 2. This might be because S3 has carpet on the surface. This implies that floor material with carpet may have an emission of DINP at normal temperature. The result of this study refers to the limited value evaluation of EU structural material standard emission TSVOC ≤ 0.1 ug/m3, the floor building material emissions are much higher than the evaluation criteria, increasing the health risk of users. The detection method and baseline can be used as the standard for controlling the emission of phthalate SVOC of Taiwan’s green building material labeling system in the future.

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