本論文設計了各兩個可使用不被信任測量儀器之可驗證式輕量化盲計算協定與兩個協力量子雲端計算協定。為了使得協定更加實際且輕量化，我們提出的協定可以使協定使用者只擁有最輕的兩個量子能力的情況下完成量子計算。我們首先提出一個可使用不被信任測量儀器之可驗證式輕量化盲計算協定，並使其擁有除了可驗證式的特性之外，亦擁有可進行更早期的竊聽者檢查之能力來減輕使用者成本。由於中國成功研發量子衛星，並成功進行一場衛星與地面的量子通訊實驗，設計可以利用量子衛星完成工作的協定變得越來越重要。因此，我們提出另一個可利用量子衛星的可使用不被信任測量儀器之可驗證式輕量化盲計算協定。考量到可能會遇到一個難以計算、龐大且複雜的量子計算結構，我們提出兩個屬於新形態的委託量子計算協定，並命名為協力量子雲端計算。這兩個協力量子雲端計算協定皆是分別建立在前面所提出的兩個新的可使用不被信任測量儀器之可驗證式輕量化盲計算協定。在貝爾態的幫助，與可對每個磚砌態單元間進行平行計算的能力下，這兩個協定可以在高效率的情況下完成對一龐大且複雜的量子計算結構之計算。這些提出的協定在我們將使用者的量子負擔減輕到可能是目前最輕的能力組合，並且有能有效率應付複雜的量子計算結構之情況下，它們將會帶來更加實際可靠的應用。此外，本篇論文將會透過對這些提出協定進行的安全性分析展現能強力對抗集體攻擊之強健性。

This thesis designs two blind quantum computation protocols and two cooperative quantum cloud computation. For more lightweight and practical application, these protocols allow a lightweight user to complete his/her task with the lightest two quantum operations. We first propose a measurement-device-independent verifiable lightweight blind quantum computation protocol; alongside the verifiable mechanism, this protocol additionally have the ability of checking the eavesdroppers in an early phase, and thus lower the protocol’s potential quantum cost. With the development and a successful quantum communication experiment of a Chinese quantum satellite, making a quantum protocol be pro-satellite becoming more and more important. Therefore, we propose another measurement-device-independent verifiable lightweight blind quantum computation protocol that is pro-satellite. Considering about an enormous and complicated computational structure may encounter, we propose two protocols that are a new type of delegated quantum computation protocols called cooperative quantum cloud computation. Both protocols are based on the previously mentioned proposed blind quantum computation protocols respectively. With the help of the Bell states, and the parallel computing between the brickwork-state units, the proposed protocol can deal with a large and complicated structure of a blind quantum computation in an efficient way. By alleviate the user’s quantum burden to the possible lightest, and the efficient way to deal with a complicated computational structure, the proposed protocols are more practical in implementation. The security analyses in this thesis shows that the proposed protocols are robust against the collective attack.

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