環境因子如溫度等對於昆蟲生活史與型態特徵都有著實質上的影響，不同的溫度可能使動物有著完全不同的選汰適應策略，進而使動物演化出不同的外型。其中，體型被認爲會受溫度等環境因子影響而有梯度變化，隨著環境溫度下降，體型較大的個體會因較好的熱量保存效率而受益，但此梯度分佈可能會因為不同的物種特性以及不同的環境因子而有所差異。本研究旨在深入瞭解豆娘型態特徵與環境因素之間的關聯，並以具有型態多型性、且台灣常見的中華珈蟌(Psolodesmus mandarinus)為研究對象。透過野外個體採集以及整合過去跨研究團隊採集的標本，共測量848隻個體的型態特徵（如翅膀大小和翅膀黑色面積比例）。環境特徵則來自政府氣候與環境資訊開放資料平台，涵蓋雨量、緯度、歸一化植被指標（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI）和日照輻射量等環境因子。我們將上述環境變數與每一隻標本的採集座標結合，建立一套型態與環境變數對應的資料庫，以利後續分析其間的關聯性。我們使用線性迴歸模型和路徑分析等方法，分析並探究中華珈蟌的型態特徵是否隨著不同環境因子而有所差異。分析結果顯示中華珈蟌翅膀大小會隨著緯度和溫度增加而增大，但翅膀大小會隨著歸一化植被指標增加而減少。此結果顯示環境因子確實與動物特徵有關聯，並且部分結果符合伯格曼假說之預期結果，但卻不符合伯格曼假說所提出的機制。此外，我們的結果沒有證據支持James rule，且反駁了可利用食物資源假說。另一方面，緯度與日照輻射量對翅膀黑色面積比例有正向且顯著的影響。這並不支持熱黑化假說。本研究的結果表示現今中華珈蟌的外型呈梯度分佈原因錯綜複雜，並非受單一因子調控，而是多個環境因子之間交互作用的結果。

Environmental factors, such as temperature, shape life histories, and morphological traits, lead to diverse adaptive strategies in insects. Body size and other traits typically show progressive changes along environmental gradients, but the mechanisms and patterns can vary across species and ecological contexts. To improve our understanding of the environmental effects on morphological traits and their potential role in divergence, we investigated wing morphology in Psolodesmus mandarinus, a damselfly species distributed in Taiwan. We analyzed 848 specimens, integrating morphological data with environmental factors such as latitude, average temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as the indicator of food resources. Through linear regression and path analysis, we assessed the direct and indirect impacts of environmental factors on wing size and wing color. Our findings indicate that temperature positively influences wing size, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has a negative effect. These results are consistent with Bergmann’s rule, although they diverge from its conventional mechanistic explanations. We did not find support for James rule or the food availability hypothesis. Additionally, both latitude and solar radiation were positively correlated with wing color, which conflicts with the prediction of the thermal melanism hypothesis. Overall, these findings reveal the complexity of selection on morphological traits and suggest that the clinal variation observed in P. mandarinus is influenced by an interaction of multiple environmental factors.

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