近年來全球暖化問題日益嚴重，科學家在綠建築領域中提出智能變色玻璃的構想，讓玻璃具有調色的功能，以減少電燈與冷氣的耗損，智能變色玻璃主要是將玻璃與變色材料結合，變色材料依照驅動方式分成熱致變色、光致變色與電致變色三種，其中熱致變色與光致變色具有無法客製化調整的缺點，而電致變色具有良好的光學變化與可調控的功能受到科學界的重視，近年來電致變色除了智慧節能窗外也應用在防眩光後視鏡等。
在電致變色材料中氧化鎳為典型的陽極著色材料，擁有良好的光學特性、電化學穩定性、記憶效應、低驅動電壓、價格低廉等；現階段氧化鎳材料大多採用溶膠凝膠法、濺鍍法等進行沉積，然而溶膠凝膠法需要1天的製程時間，濺鍍法則是試片大小受限，製程成本高等缺點，而且傳統製程氧化鎳在微結構上大多是片狀或是顆粒狀連續薄膜，光學上穿透率的可見光波長分佈中大多呈現30%的差異，導致穿透率分佈不均，而本研究提出電化學來製備氧化鎳薄膜，相較於傳統製程只需要30分鐘，成本也相對較低，符合商業化的需求，此外透過電化學陰陽極處理製備出半圓球狀不連續氧化鎳薄膜，有助於電解質的反應，光學上得到高度均勻的穿透率變化，對於電致變色效能有顯著提升。
本研究主要針對電化學陰陽極的處理進行探討，分別針對電鍍液、時間、溫度、電壓等進行分析，接著進行退火溫度的探討，本研究發現退火溫度在300℃到400℃有較穩定的循環伏安法結果，穿透率差(ΔT)也具有30%到40%的效果。
接著本研究在最佳化分析上，利用不同電流密度進行微結構探討，發現較小的電流密度讓粒子在顆粒上附著，使得表面占比減少，有利於電解質的反應，最後發現在電流密度2.5 mA/cm2，電鍍時間120 s有最佳的電致變色效果，穿透率差(ΔT)高達55%以上，著色效率高達75 cm2/C以上，轉換時間為均少於3秒，在商用化上具有相當大的優勢。

In recent years, global warming has been increasingly severe, prompting scientists to propose the concept of color-changing glass. The idea is to give glass the ability to change its color, aiming to reduce energy consumption from electrical appliances. Electrochromism, with its excellent optical changes and controllable functionality, has received significant attention from the scientific community.
Nickel oxide is a common material used in electrochromic applications, known for its memory effect, low driving voltage, and affordability. Nowadays, traditional processing methods for nickel oxide suffer from drawbacks such as long production times and high costs. In these conventional processes, the microstructure of nickel oxide often forms continuous thin films in the form of flakes or particles, resulting in a significant 30% variation in the single transmittance spectrum distribution. However, this study proposes an electrochemical process that only takes half an hour. By using electrochemical anode-cathode treatment, semi-spherical and discontinuous nickel oxide thin films are prepared, which aid in enhancing the electrolyte reaction and achieve highly uniform variations in optical transmittance.
This study conducted analyses on electrodeposition solutions, time, temperature, and voltage, followed by exploring the effect of annealing temperature. The research identified a more stable cyclic voltammetry result at annealing temperatures ranging from 300°C to 400°C. Furthermore, in the optimization analysis, different current densities were used to investigate the microstructure. The study found that at a current density of 2.5 mA/cm2 and an electroplating time of 120 seconds, the best electrochromic effect was achieved. The transmittance (ΔT) exceeded 55% and the coloring efficiency reached above 75 cm2/C with a switching time of less than 3 seconds. The nickel oxide thin film in this study has great potential in commercialization.

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