| 研究生: |
謝淳劭 Shie, Chuen-Shau |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
轉移函數於動態車流模型建立之研究與應用 A Study of Dynamic Taffic Flow Models︰An Application of Transfer Function |
| 指導教授: |
胡大瀛
Hu, Ta-Yin |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 交通管理科學系 Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science |
| 論文出版年: | 2010 |
| 畢業學年度: | 98 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 81 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 轉移函數 、動態車流模型 、速度與密度關係 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Transfer Function, Dynamic Traffic Flow Model, Speed-Density Relationship |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:70 下載:2 |
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在現今講求效率的交通環境裡,即時道路資訊的開發與管理成為重要的議題,隨著ITS日益發展,先進交通管理系統(Advanced Traffic Management Systems, ATMS)提供交通管理階層一個良好的指標,且為交通管理重要的依據,同時也強化了先進用路人資訊系統(Advanced Traveler Information Systems, ATIS),藉由提供旅行者必要之交通資訊作為其路線選擇之決策依據,進而提升交通系統服務水準。
而這些交通資訊的產生與預測,則是仰賴可靠的車流模型所分析而得。早期的車流模型大多以靜態為主,其精確程度大多仰賴歷史資料蒐集的多寡,但較不能掌握多變的實際交通狀況,因此本研究希望能藉由建立動態車流模型來提高模型預測的精確度。
本研究主要針對高速公路及市區道路以Modified GreenShield Model建立靜態的車流模型,接著利用轉移函數(Transfer Function)搭配即時的偵器測資料建立動態的車流模型。其中,由於台灣市區道路主要為汽機車所組成之混合車流,而目前市區道路偵測器尚未開放機車速度與流量的截取,因此在機車車流資料的取得方面,則以交通指派軟體DynaTAIWAN模擬之,而在計算混合車流速度則以車輛面積比例法取代傳統小客車當量法。在模型績效評估方面,將會以平均絕對百分誤差法及均方根誤差來衡量模擬值與實際值之間的差異,進而探討車流模型的正確性及可用性。
本研究利用實際偵測器資料進行車流模型的驗證,發現靜態與動態車流模型於模型建構所在路段,皆收到良好效果,然而,將不同路段之實際資料進行驗證時,靜態模型較無法有效反應其速度的變化,而動態模型則因具有回饋的機制而能反應實際的交通狀況。
Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) and Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) aim to enhance the efficiency and safety of transportation systems. One of the key issues is to provide information based on accurate flow predictions. Travelers can thus make better decisions based on received real time traffic information.
Traffic information is estimated based on traffic flow models and these traffic flow models are usually calibrated based historical data. However, these models do not vary with respect to time, thus cannot reflect dynamic characteristics of real-time data.
This research aim to construct dynamic flow models based on observed real-time traffic data, such as flow and occupancy. This Modified Greenshield’s model is deployed to describe the speed-density relationship for both freeways and urban streets and the dynamic flow models are established with transfer functions to provide the linkage between models and real-time data. The mixed traffic flows in Taiwan are primarily composed of passenger cars and motorcycles. The area percentage of passenger car equivalents (PCE) is used to provide accurate estimation of the impact of motorcycles in the mixed traffic flows.
The actual flow data from vehicle detectors are used in the validation process. Two indices, the Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), are used to measure the error between the estimated and the actual speed data. The results show that both static and dynamic models can describe traffic flow reasonably. However, the dynamic models can reflect the variation of real-time data thus can predict flow characteristics more accurately with respect to real-time data.
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