簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 劉家玲
Liu, Chia-Ling
論文名稱： 預氯程序對粉狀活性碳吸附2-MIB之影響
Effect of Pre-chlorination on the Adsorption of 2-MIB to PAC
指導教授： 林財富
Lin, Cai-Fu
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 環境工程學系
Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年： 2002
畢業學年度： 90
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 141
中文關鍵詞： 表面擴散模式(HSDM) 、2-MIB 、氯 、粉狀活性碳(PAC) 、鳳山水庫 、等背景化合物(EBC)模式
外文關鍵詞： Feng-Shen reservoir, equivalent background compound (EBC) model, powered activation carbon (PAC), chlorine, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM)
相關次數： 點閱：141  下載：1 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 台灣南部地區自來水中的土霉味問題存在已久，雖然前人研究顯示粉狀活性碳(PAC)可以有效去除水中常見土霉味物質2-MIB(2-methylisoborneol)，並可以用很少的實驗結合理論模式，有效地預估PAC對2-MIB的吸附動力。但因國內水廠中經常有前加氯的程序，所以氯對PAC吸附2-MIB之影響仍有待了解。

    本研究以鳳山水庫原水為對象，探討在不同加氯量下，粉狀活性碳對2-MIB的去除效率，及其對吸附動力的影響。藉由探討原水中的有機物、2-MIB、氯與粉狀活性碳間之作用及機制，以了解活性碳吸附原水中2-MIB之行為。最後並將實驗室結果結合模式分析，建立一套原水中活性碳添加劑量與接觸時間及2-MIB濃度變化的預測方法，以運用至實廠的處理流程中。

    研究中發現，氯對原水中有機物特性的改變，很有可能會影響到活性碳對2-MIB的去除效率，且氯與活性碳添加劑量之比例不同時，可能因氯與活性碳表面作用、氯與天然有機物作用以及氯與藻類作用等不同的加乘結果，對2-MIB之去除率也有不同程度的影響。由於氯會將天然有機物轉變成較親水性的物質，因而降低與2-MIB之競爭活性碳表面位置，使其對2-MIB的吸附量明顯提升，因此實驗結果中發現預先以氯處理之原水，去氯後活性碳對2-的吸附量會降低5-10%，而FTIR分析結果也證實原水中有機物之-OH及-CO基增加，顯示親水性上升。另外，當PAC與氯先行反應後去氯，再將其加入原水中反應後發現，對2-MIB之去除率明顯降低25-35%，推測整個氯對活性碳吸附2-MIB的反應，應是前兩者機制綜合之結果。

    在實驗室中粉狀活性碳吸附2-MIB之動力曲線可以有效以HSDM模式配合一組動力實驗進行預測，並可以推估瓶杯試驗(Jar-test)中不同PAC添加劑量之實驗結果，也可以合理地預測鳳山實廠中PAC對2-MIB之去除效果，顯示此技術之有效性。

    The unpleasant odors of drinking water in southern Taiwan has exist for a long time. Musty/earthy, fishy and chlorine odors are the three major odor groups in drinking water , and musty/earthy odor is known to be the most difficult one to be removed. Previous study suggested that powered activated carbon (PAC) can remove a typical odorous compound, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) effectively. And only one kinetic experiment was combined with the models can predict the adsorption kinetic curves. But, many water treatment plants in Taiwan always use pre-chlorination. The effect of pre-chlorination on the adsorption of 2-MIB to PAC must be considered.

    中文摘要................................I 英文摘要................................III 誌謝....................................V 目錄....................................VI 表目錄..................................XI 圖目錄..................................XII 第一章 前言.................................. 1 1-1研究緣起.................................. 1 1-2研究目的.................................. 2 1-3研究內容...................................2 第二章 文獻回顧...............................5 2-1自來水中的臭味問題.........................5 2-1-1水中臭味的種類及成因.....................5 2-1-2造成水中土霉味之物質.....................7 2-2自來水中臭味物質之控制方法.................13 2-2-1水源控制.................................13 2-2-2傳統處理方法.............................13 2-2-3氧化.....................................14 2-2-3-1加氯氧化...............................15 2-2-3-2高錳酸鉀氧化...........................15 2-2-3-3臭氧氧化...............................16 2-2-4生物處理.................................17 2-2-5薄膜處理.................................17 2-2-6活性碳吸附...............................18 2-3影響活性碳吸附之因素.......................21 2-3-1活性碳的種類.............................21 2-3-1-1活性碳的本質...........................21 2-3-1-2吸附原理...............................21 2-3-1-3活性碳的種類...........................22 2-3-1-4活性碳的表面化學性質...................24 2-3-2吸附質的特性.............................24 2-3-3背景水質.................................25 2-3-4混凝作用對活性碳吸附的影響...............26 2-3-5接觸時間.................................27 2-3-6活性碳添加位置...........................28 2-3-7水中餘氯的影響...........................29 2-4加氯對活性碳吸附的影響.....................31 2-4-1餘氯在活性碳表面之作用...................31 2-4-2餘氯對活性碳吸附水中有機物之影響.........34 2-4-3餘氯對活性碳吸附2-MIB之影響..............36 2-5平衡模式...................................38 2-5-1 假想(Fictive Components, FCs)模式.......38 2-5-2等背景化合物模式.........................40 2-6動力模式...................................43 2-6-1 HSDM模式理論............................43 2-6-2 HSDM模式之應用..........................46 第三章 實驗設備與方法.........................48 3-1活性碳物理特性分析.........................48 3-1-1活性碳製備...............................48 3-1-2比表面積測定.............................49 3-1-3孔隙分析.................................49 3-1-4粒徑分布測定.............................50 3-1-5表面特性分析.............................50 3-2土臭味物質之分析方法.......................51 3-2-1實驗試劑.................................51 3-2-2實驗設備.................................51 3-2-3實驗方法.................................52 3-2-4水中餘氯對土臭味分析的影響...............54 3-3吸附實驗...................................55 3-3-1實驗試劑.................................55 3-3-2實驗設備.................................55 3-3-3實驗水樣.................................56 3-3-4活性碳與氯之作用實驗.....................56 3-3-5 2-MIB與氯之作用之實驗...................57 3-3-6活性碳吸附2-MIB之實驗....................57 3-3-6-1吸附平衡實驗...........................57 3-3-6-2吸附動力實驗...........................58 3-3-7吸附動力模式.............................59 3-4鳳山實廠添加粉狀活性碳之實驗...............63 3-4-1瓶杯試驗(Jar-test).......................63 3-4-2鳳山淨水廠現場調查.......................64 3-5 HSDM模式之應用............................67 第四章 結果與討論.............................70 4-1活性碳分析結果.............................70 4-2預備實驗...................................76 4-2-1水中餘氯對SPME分析方法的影響.............76 4-2-2活性碳與氯之作用.........................77 4-2-3餘氯對2-MIB之作用........................78 4-3餘氯影響活性碳吸附去除2-MIB之實驗..........80 4-3-1吸附平衡實驗.............................80 4-3-2吸附動力實驗.............................86 4-3-3經氯作用後原水之活性碳吸附動力實驗.......94 4-3-4經氯作用後之粉狀活性碳吸附動力實驗.......98 4-4鳳山實廠添加粉狀活性碳之實驗...............100 4-4-1 FS-PAC之吸附平衡實驗....................100 4-4-2 FS-PAC之吸附動力實驗....................102 4-4-3 HSDM模式之應用..........................106 4-4-4瓶杯試驗(Jar-test).......................109 4-4-5鳳山淨水廠現場調查結果...................111 第五章 結論與建議.............................114 5-1結論部分...................................114 5-2建議部分...................................116 參考文獻......................................117 附錄一、2-MIB檢量線...........................130 附錄二、2-MIB分析之準確度與精密度.............131 附錄三、2-MIB分析之方法偵測極限...............132 附錄四、吸附動力實驗之餘氯量..................134 附錄五、HSDM模式程式碼(Source code)...........135 自述..........................................141

    American Society of Testing and Materials. (2000). Standard Practice for the Soild Phase Microextraction(SPME) of Water and Its Headspace for the Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds,. ASTM D-6520-00, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.

    APHA, AWWA, and WPCF. (2000). Supplement to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., Denver, Colorado, USA.

    Atasi, K.Z., Porter, M., Chen, T., Huddleston, J.I., Young, C.C., and Suffet, I.H. (1999). Factor Screening for Ozonating the Taste- and Odor-Causing Compounds in Source Water at Detroit, USA. Wat. Sci. Tech., 40, 115.

    Atkins, P.F., Jr., Scherger, D.A., Barnes, R.A. and Evans, F.L.(1973). Ammonia Removal by Physical-Chemical Treatment, J.Water Poll. Control Fed., 45, 2372-2388.

    Bauer, R.C. and Snoeyink, V.L. (1973). Reactions of Chlorammines with Activated Carbon, J. WPCF, 45, 2290.

    Bruchet, A., Hochereau, C., Gogot, C., Codiassa, D. (1998). Taste and Odor Episodes in Drinking Waters：Solved and Unsolved Case Studies and Needs for Future Research, Proceeding of 4-th International Workshop on Drinking Water Quality Management and Treatment Technology, March 4-5, 137-147, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Burlingame, G.A.., Dann, R.M., and Brock, G.L. (1986). A Case Study of Geosmin in Philadelphia’s Water., Jour. AWWA, 78, 56-61.

    Butterworth, R. (1998). Review of Documents Investigating Taste and Odor Abatement Options: City of Chicago Department of Water, In AWWARF Taste and Odor Workshop, July 23-24, 1998, Chicago, Ill.

    Buttery, R.G. and Lin, L.C. (1973). Earthy Aroma of Potatoes., J. Agric. Food Chem., 21, 745.

    Chen, G., Dussert, B. W. and Suffet, I. H. (1997). Evaluation of Granular Activated Carbon for Removal of Methyl Isoborneol to Below Odor Threshold Concentrations in Drinking Water, Wat. Research, 31, 1155-1163.

    Considine, R., Denoyel R., Pendleton, P., Schumann, R. and Wong, S.H. (2001). The Influence of Surface Chemistry on Activated Carbon Adsorption of 2-Methylisoborneol from Aqueous Solution, Colloids and Surfaces A : Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 179, 271-280.

    Cook, D., Newcombe, G., Sztajnbok, P. (2001). The Application of Powdered Activated Carbon for MIB and Geosmin Removal: Predicting PAC Doses in Four Raw Waters, Wat. Res. 35, 1325-1333.

    Crittenden, J.C., Luft, P. and Hand, D.W. (1985). Prediction of Multicomponent Adsorption Equilibria in Background Mixtures of Unknown Composition., Wat. Res. 19, 1537

    Dougherty, J.D., and Morris, R.L. (1967). Studies on the Removal of Actinomtcete Musty Tastes and Odors in Water Supplies., J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 59, 1320.

    Duguet, J., Mallevialle, J., Ho, J., and Suffet, I.H. (1995). Oxidation Processes: Chlorine and Chloramines, In Advances in Taste-and-Odor Treatment and Control, Ed. by Suffet, I.H., Mallevialle, J., and Kawczynski, American Water Works Association, Denver, Coloroda, USA.

    Faust, S.D. and Aly, O.M. (1978). Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment, Butterworth Publishers, Montvale Avenus, Stoneham.

    Ficek, K.J., and Vella, P.A. (1998). Potassium Permanganate pretreatmnet for taste and odor control, In AWWARF Taste and Odor Workshop, July 23-24, 1998, Chicago, Ill

    Gerber, N.N., and Lechevalier, H.A. (1965). Geosmin, An Earthy-Smelling Substance Isolated from Actinomycetes, Appl. Microbiol., 13, 935-938.

    Gillogly, T.E.T., Snoeyink, V.L., Elarde, J.R., and Royal, E.P. (1998). Effect of Chlorine on PAC’s Ability to Adsorb MIB., J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 90, 107-114.

    Gillogly, T.E.T., Snoeyink, V.L., Elarde, J.R., Wilson, C.M. and Royal, E.P. (1998). 14C-MIB Adsorption on PAC in Natural Water., J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 90, 89-108.

    Gillogly, T.E.T., Snoeyink, V.L., Newcombe, G., Elarde, J.R. (1999). A Simplified Method Determine the Powered Activated Carbon Dose required to Remove 2-Methylisobornel., Wat. Sci. Tech. 40, 59-64.

    Gillogly, T.E.T., Snoeyink, V.L., Vogel J.C., Wilson, C.M. and Royal, E.P. (1999). Determining Gac Bed Life., J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 91, 98-110.

    Glaze, W.H. et al. (1990). Evaluating Oxidants for the Removal of Model Taste and Odor Compounds from a Municipal Water Supply, J. Am. Water Works Assoc, 82, 79-84.

    Graham M.R., Summers R.S. Simpson M.R. and Macleod B.W.(2000). Modeling equilibrium adsorption of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in natural waters., Wat. Res. 34, 2291-2300.

    Graham M.R., Najm, I. N., Summers R.S., Simpson M.R. and Macleod B.W. and Cummings Laura (2000). Optimization of Powdered Activated Carbon Application for Geosmin and 2-MIB Removal. AWWARF and AWWA, Denver, CO.

    Gramith, J.T. (1995). Oxidation Processes: Ozone, In Advances in Taste-and-Odor Treatment and Control, Ed. by Suffet, I.H., Mallevialle, J., and Kawczynski, American Water Works Association, Denver, Coloroda, USA.

    Hargesheimer, E.E., and Watson, S.B. (1996). Drinking Water Treatment Options for Taste and Odor Control., Wat. Res. 30, 1423-1430.

    Huang, W.J. and Yeh, H.H. (1999). Reaction of Chlorine With NOM Adsorbed on Powered Activated Carbon., Wat. Res. 33, 65-72.

    Hwang, S.C., Larson, R.A. and Snoeyink, V.L. (1990). Reactions of Free Chlorine with Substituted Anilimes in Aqueous Solution and on Granular Activated Carbon., Wat. Res. 24, 427.

    Ishizaki, C. and Cookson, J.T. (1974). Influence of Surface Oxides on Adsorption and Catalysis with Activate Carbon, A.J. Rubin ed., Ann Arbor Science, Ann, Arbor, MI.

    Jensen, S.E., Anders, C.L., Goatcher, L.J., Perley, T., Kenefick, S. and Hrudey, E. (1994). Actinomycetes as a Factor in Odour Problems Affecting Drinking Water From the North Saskatchewan River, Wat. Res., 28, 1393-1401.

    Knappe, D.R.U., Snoeyink, V.L., Prados, M.J., Bourbigot, M.M. and Dagois, G. (1993). Adsorption of Atarzine by Powdered Activated Carbon. In: Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Annual Conference.

    Knappe, Detlef, R.U., Matsui, Y., Snoeyink, V.L., Roche, P., Prados, M.J. and M.-M. Bourbigot, (1998). Predicting the Capacity of Powered Activated Carbon for Trace Organic Compounds in Nature Waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 1694-1698.

    Kim, B.R., Schmitz, R.A. Snoeyink, V.L. and Tauxe, G.W. (1978). Analysis of Models for Dichloramine Removal by Activated Carbon in Batch and Packed-Bed Reactors Using Quasilinearization and Orthogonal Collocation Methods, Wat. Res., 12, 317-326.

    Lalezary, S., Pirbazari, M., McGuire, M.J. (1986). Oxidation of Five Earthy-Musty Taste and Odor Compound, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 78, 62.

    Lalezary, S., Pirbazari, M., McGuire, M.J. (1986). Evaluating Activated Carbon for Removing Low Concentrations of Taste-and-Odor Producing Organics., J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 78, 76.

    Lalezary-Craig, S., Pirbazari, M., Dale, M.E., Tanaka, T.S., and M.J. McGuire, (1988). Optimizing the Removal of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol by Powered Activated Carbon, Jour. J. Am.. Water Works Assoc., 80, 73-80.

    Lawrence, A.W., Howard, W.S. and Rubin, A.K. (1970). Ammonia-Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater Effluents by Chlorination, 4th Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference, University of Delaware.

    Lin, T.F. and Fu, C.Y. (1997) Origin and Control of Odors in Cheng-Chin Lake Water Treatment Plant, In Proceeding of 3-ed International Workshop on Drinking Water Quality Management and Treatment Technology, pp.127-137, Taiwan, R.O.C., March 5-6,1997.

    Lin, T.F., Wong, J.Y., Yang, F.C., and Yeh, H.H. (2001).Odor Removal at the Pilot Plant of Cheng-Ching Lake Water Works, Proceedings of First IWA Asia-Pacific Regional Conference, Fukuoka, Japan, September 12-15, 793-798.

    McCreary, J.J. and Snoeyink, V.L. (1980). Characterization and Activated Carbon Adsorption of Several Humic Substances, Wat. Research, 14, 151-160.

    McCreary, J.J. and Snoeyink, V.L. (1981). Reaction of Free Chlorine with Humic Substances before and after Adsorption on Activated Carbon, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15, 193-197.

    McGuire, M.J. and Suffet, I.H. (1984). Aqueous Chlorine/Activated Carbon Interactions, Jour. Environ. Eng. ASCE, 110, 629-645.

    McGuire, M.J. (1999). Advances in Treatment Processes to Solve Off-Flavor Problems in Drinking Water., Wat. Sci. Tech., 40, 153-163.

    Medsker, L.L., Jenkins, D. and Thomas, J.F. (1968). An Earthy-Smelling Comppound Associated With Blue-Green Algae and Actinomycetes, Envir. Sci. Technol., 2, 461-464.

    Montiel, A., Rigal (1983). Municipal Drinking Water Treatment Procedures for Taste and Odour Abatement：A Review. Study of Origin of Musty Taste in the Drinking Water Supply, Wat. Sci. Tech.., 15, 67.

    Morris, R.L. (1962). Actinomycetes Studies as Taste and Odor Cause, Water and Sewage Works., 109, 76-77.

    Myers, A.L. and Prausnitz, J.M. (1965). Thermodynamics of Mixed-gas Adsorption., Am. Inst. Chem. Engng J. 11, 121-127.

    Najm, I.N., Snoeyink, V.L., Suidan, M.T., Lee, C.H. and Richard, Y. (1990). Effect of Particle Size and Background Natural Organics on the Adsorption Efficiency of PAC., J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 82, 65-73.

    Najm, I. N., Snoeyink, V.L. ,and Richard, I. (1991). Effect of Initial Concentration of a SOC in Natural Water on Its Adsorption by Activated Carbon., J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 83, 57-63.

    Najm, I. N. (1991). Using Powdered Activated Carbon：A Critical Review., J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 83, 65-76.

    Najm, I. N., Snoeyink, V.L., Galvin, T.L. and Degremont Y.R. (1991). Control of Organic Compounds with Powdered Activated Carbon. AWWARF and AWWA, Denver, CO.

    Persson, P.E. (1980) Sensory Properties and Analysis of Two Muddy Odour Compounds, Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol, in Water and Fish, Water Research, 14, 1113-1118.

    Puri, B.R. (1980) Carbon Adsorption of Pure Compounds and Mixtures from Solution Phase, Activated Carbon Adsorption of Organic from the Aqueous Phase, Vol.1, Ann Arbor Science, Ann, Arbor, MI

    Puri, B.R. (1983) Physicochemical Aspects of Carbon Affecting Adsorption from the Aqueous Phase, Treatment of Water by Granular Activated Carbon, Advances in Chemistry Series 202, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C.

    Radka, C.J. and Prausnitz, J.M. (1972). Thermodynamics of Multi-solute Adsorption from Dilute Liquid Solutions., Am. Inst. Chem. Engng J. 18, 761-768.

    Rittmann, B.E., Grantzer, C.J., and Montiel, A. (1995). Biological Treatment to Control Taste-and-Odor Compounds in Drinking Water treatment, In Advances in Taste-and-Odor Treatment and Control, Ed. by Suffet, I.H., Mallevialle, J., and Kawczynski, American Water Works Association, Denver, Coloroda, USA.

    Shirey, R.E. (2000). Optimization of extraction conditions and fiber selection for semivolatile analytes using solid-phase microextraction., Journal of Chromatographic Science., 38, 279-288.

    Silvey, J.K.G., Russell, J.G., Redden, D.R. and McCormick, W.C. (1959). Actinomycetes and Common Tastes and Odors, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 50, 1018-1026.

    Simpson, R. (1998). Practical Aspects of PAC Application For Taste and Odor Control, In AWWARF Taste and Odor Workshop, July 23-24, 1998, Chicago, Ill.

    Smith, E.H., and Weber, Jr., W.J. (1990). Comparative Assessment of Chemical and Adsorptive Characteristics of Leachates from a Municipal and an Industrial Landfill., Water, Soil and Soil Pollution, 53, 279.

    Snoeyink, V.L., Lai, H.T., Johnson, J.H. and Young, J.F. (1974). Active Carbon：Dechlorination and the Adsorption of Organic Compounds, Chemistry of Water Supply, Treatment and Distribution, A.J. Rubin, ed., Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich., 233-295.

    Snoeyink, V.L. (1981). Organic Compounds Produce by the Aqueous Free-Chlorine-Activated Carbon Reaction, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1, 188-192.

    Sontheimer, H., Crittenden, J.C. and Summers, R.S. (1988). Activated Carbon for Water Treatment. 2nd ed. DVGW-Forschungsstelle, Karlsruhe, Germany.

    Suffet, I.H., Mallevialle, J. and Kawczynski E. eds. (1995). Advances in Taste-and-Odor Treatment and Control.

    Suffet, I.H., and Wable, O. (1995). Removal of Taste-and-Odor Cmpounds by Activated Carbon, In Advances in Taste-and-Odor Treatment and Control, Ed. by Suffet, I.H., Mallevialle, J., and Kawczynski, American Water Works Association, Denver, Coloroda, USA.

    Suffet, I.H., Khiari, D., and A. Bruchet (1999). The Drinking Water Taste and Odor Wheel for the Millennium: Beyond Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol, Wat. Sci. Tech., 40, 1-13.

    Suidan, M.T. (1976). Performance Dreictions for the Removel of Aqueous Dhlorine Packed Beds of Granular Activated Carbon., AICHE Symposium Series, 73, 18-24.

    Suidan, M.T., and Snoeyink, V.L. (1977). Reaction of Aqueous HOCl with Activated Carbon, J. Environ. Eng. Div., ASCE, 103, 667-684.

    Suidan, M.T., Chacey, K.A. and Gross, W.H. (1978). Pulsating Bed Activated Carbon Dechlorination, J. Environ. Eng. Div., ASCE, 104, 1223.

    Voudrias E.A., Larson, R.A. and Snoeyink, V.L. (1985). Effects of Activated Carbon on the Reaction of Free Chlorine with Phenol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 441-449.

    Voudrias E.A., Larson, R.A. and Snoeyink, V.L. (1985). Effects of Activated Carbon on the Reaction of Free Chlorine with Phenol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 909-915.

    Wang, G.S. (1994). Removal of Atrazine from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon Adsorption., Ph.D. Thesis, State University of New York at Albany School.

    Watson, S.B., Brownlee, B.,Stachwill,T., and Hargesheimer E.H. (2000). Quantitive Analysis of Trace Levels of Geosmin and MIB in Source and Drinking Water Using Headspace SPME., Wat. Research, 34, 2818-2828.

    White, G.C. (1992). Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants, 3nd ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 184-185.

    Wood, S., Williams, S.T. and White, W.R. (1983). Microbes as a Sources of Earthy Flavours in Potable Water-A Review, Intl. Biodeterioration Bull, 19, 83.

    Yugi, M. et al. (1983). Odor Problems in Lake Biwa, Wat. Sci. Tech., 15, 311.

    Zimmer, G., Brauch, H.J. and Sontheimer, H. (1989). Activated Carbon Adsorption of Organic Pollutants., Adv. Chem. Ser. 219(Aquat. Humic Sub.), 579-596.

    陳是瑩、李俊德、曾怡禎 (1982)。澄清湖浮游生物與放線菌繁殖狀況對水源臭味之影響（一）， 國立成功大學環境工程研究報告第21號。

    陳是瑩、曾怡禎 “澄清湖藻類圖鑑”，(1986)。

    李俊德、陳是瑩、王月花、鄭明蕊、李明輝 (1985)。 澄清湖水源臭味控制方法之研究，國立成功大學環境工程研究報告第45號。

    溫清光等 (1995) 澄清湖曝氣工程效益評估, 國立成功大學環境工程研究所研究報告。

    葉宣顯、鄭幸雄、曾怡禎、林財富 (2000)。 澄清湖高級淨水處理模型廠試驗研究 (第二年)。成功大學環境工程系研究報告。

    陳鎧湧(1992)，粉狀活性碳對水中微量有機物之研究，國立成功大學環境工程系碩士論文。

    翁玉芬(1993)，水中超微量有機異臭味物質Geosmin之分析及去除，國立交通大學環境工程研究所碩士論文。

    黃文鑑(1997)，混凝、吸附對溶解性有機物去除及獸慾氯影響之研究，國立成功大學環境工程系博士論文。

    高小萍、林財富(1998)，水中異臭味物質geosmin及2-MIB分析技術之研究，第十六屆自來水研討會論文集， 283-300。

    高小萍(1998)，水中異臭味物質的分析，國立成功大學環境工程研究所碩士論文。

    汪俊育(2000)，南台灣代表性水源地臭味問題之研究，國立成功大學環境工程系碩士論文。

    汪俊育、林財富 (2000)，鳳山與港西淨水廠臭味問題之研究, 第十七屆自來水研究發表會, 中華民國自來水協會, 嘉義市, 49-65.

    洪旭文、林財富 (2000)，粉狀活性碳控制水源中有機性臭味之探討, 自來水會刊, 19(4), 14-37.

    楊豐誠 (2001)，應用粉狀活性碳去除原水中2-MIB之研究，國立成功大學環境工程系碩士論文。

    下載圖示 校內：立即公開
    校外：2002-07-22公開
    QR CODE