臨場電鏡實驗分析限制於碳管內的單晶金屬顆粒的熔點變化，因管徑屬於奈米級，所以熔點異於相圖中塊材參考值。實驗直接加熱並觀察顆粒形態與繞射對比的變化，分析熔點的變化。臨場電鏡直接觀察碳管的成長與在成長過程中催化劑形態的連續變化。在氣-液-固三相成長中催化劑平衡張力變化是明顯的指標，實驗分析其角度的連續變化。竹節結構常發生於碳管中，在成長過程中亦能了解其成長機制，進一步控制竹節結構的成長。同樣在臨場電鏡裡，在碳膜上與氨氣的氣氛下利用鎵鈷鎳合金顆粒催化成長碳奈米球。同時分析催化劑的合金化行與合金顆粒的催化能力。電子能量損失光譜記錄鋁元素核心殼層的電子躍遷，可以分析鋁的濃度，配合掃描穿透式電子顯微術則能提供奈米解析度鋁元素的空間分佈。在低能量損失範圍內，能量光譜可定出組成元素的的能階躍遷外，亦能分析關連材料光學性質的體電漿分佈與能隙的躍遷。摻雜可以引致不同氧化鋅層次結構，實驗利用電子顯微鏡術與元素成像分析形態、結晶結構、成長方向、元素空間分佈，討論成長機制。最後利用能量損失光譜分析體電漿光譜與價帶能量激發。實驗利用環形暗場像分析金屬顆粒-碳奈米管複合結構，金屬顆粒的形態與分佈密度與管束直徑、金屬-碳層間反應性關連。此一複合結構電漿能量峰值由碳管、金屬顆與兩者的耦合貢獻。利用類似 geometrical phase method 的影像處理方式可以將異質介面的缺陷實際在實空間分佈呈現

In situ TEM analyzes single-crystal metal nanocrystals constrained inside the carbon nanotube that is of nanometer scale, in which the melting temperature of nanocrystals differentiate from the bulk. Direct observation of diffraction contrast and morphology during ramping temperature in TEM provide experimental evidence of change of melting temperature. Dynamical observation of carbon nanotube growth and evolution of catalyst is performed on in situ TEM, especially focusing on equilibrium tension change of catalyst at the vapor-liquid-solid interface. The growth mechanism of bamboo structures that is often encountered in CNTs are also observed as well, which in turn helps controlling these in synthesizing CNTs. With the same in situ TEM, gallium, nickel and cobalt alloy particles catalyze graphitic nano-capsules on amorphous carbon film with NH3 atmosphere. Simultaneously, alloying behavior and catalytical power of alloys are assessed. EELS recording excitations from core shell is capable of dopant concentration. Integrated into STEM, this technique can provide spatial distribution of nanometer scale. In low loss region, interband transitions as well as bulk plasmon, which associates with optical properties can be identified. Dopants induce growing hierarchical ZnO nanostructures. TEM and elemental mapping are employed to exploit morphology, crystal structure, growth directions and spatial distribution of dopants, and results help indicating the growth mechanism. EELS is employed to probe plasmon and valence excitations of the hierarchical structures. Annular dark field (ADF) with STEM is employed to examine the morphology of Au- and Pt-coated CNT bundles together with Ag-anchored CNT prepared by physical vapor deposition. Meanwhile, EELS is also employed to probe valence excitations of the hybrid, revealing that both bulk plasmon, π plasmon and π+σ surface plasmon of CNT and to analyze the excitation of surface plasmon coupling. Finally, Employing the geometrical-phase-like method can directly map distortion in the heterogeneous system.

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