| 研究生: |
林志憲 Lin, Chih-Hsien |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
投標組合決策模型之研究 The Study of Bidding Making-Decision based on Integrated Bidding Strategy Model (IBSM) |
| 指導教授: |
陳耀光
Chen, Yaw-Kuang |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系碩士在職專班 Department of Architecture (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2013 |
| 畢業學年度: | 102 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 81 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 投標組合決策模型(IBSM) 、最低標本比(LBC) 、效用函數 、成本攤平 、最適利潤率 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Integrated Bidding Strategy Model (IBSM), the lowest bid-cost ratio (LBC), efficient function, cost-balancing, optimum markup scale (OMS) |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:155 下載:5 |
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營造業的決策過程隱含有極大的風險,且其在爭取工程案時,所能用來評估風險局勢的時間甚為短促,政府單位及私人企業常採公開方式招標並以最低價格標作為決標依據,將工程合約交由合格的營造廠商。面對有限的標案常不惜削價搶標,不但放棄合理獲利空間,也冒著賠錢而無法維持營運之風險。當營造廠商在競標時須面對兩項決策:(1)是否參與該工程案的投標(2)當決定參與競標時,需提出之能達到讓公司的收益越高並能獲得工程標案等要求的最適投標價格(Bid Price)為何。投標價格通常包括工程成本(Construction Cost)及以工程成本的百分比表示的利潤率(Markup Scale)。投標策略(Bidding Strategy)對於利潤率的決定、工程的利潤及得標機率有著重大影響。主要決策者(Primary Decision-Maker) 在決定利潤率時受到對工程之不確定風險因素及競爭者風險偏好行為的主觀認知影響。因利潤率的決定受到許多因素的的影響,使得投標的決策過程複雜化。因此一套能有效引導營造業者評估競標情勢及設定投標價格的模型是有必要的。
投標組合決策模型(IBSM)為一結合統計方法及工程經濟分析之理論基礎的計量模型,以投標組合降低風險的概念,並以財務管理的客觀經濟分析與主觀的效用評估,分析最佳的投標價格,並透過成本攤平檢核反映出參加何者競標對公司營運是最佳選擇。IBSM模型在有效毛利潤與得標機率下之最低標本比(預估得標價格與預估該工程直接成本比值,LBC),藉由個案競爭力、投標組合間之相關係數、效用函數等變數,考量欲投標之新工程個案與在建工程之投標組合,協助估算出符合該營造廠之最適毛利潤率,反映出參加何者競標對公司營運是最佳選擇。然而,評估過程中需大量重複性數學運算及矩陣資料,考量未來應用之普及性,因此本研究運用微軟系統開發EXCEL-VBA設計來進行模型的運算工作。
Government agencies and private sector clients typically use competitive bidding in order to award a contract to the lowest price qualified bidder. To survive in such a bidding situation by a rush and price-cutting decision makes contractors not only give up their reasonable profit but also risk losing money. Two critical decisions faced by bidders in competitive bidding are 1) whether or not to submit a bid and, when a decision is taken to submit, 2) what bid price to set in order to optimize both profit and likelihood of winning the bid. Bid price usually includes cost of construction and a markup, the scale of which is typically determined as a percentage of construction costs. Bidding strategy influences markup scale significantly and impacts contractor profit and the probability of winning the competitive contract. Primary decision-makers typically decide markup size and factor anticipated project risk and the risk preferences of competitor bidders into their final price determination. Many variables affect contractor decisions regarding markup scale, which complicate the bidding decision process. Thus, developing a model to set up the model of bidding price considered various risk is necessary.
The Integrated Bidding Strategy Model (IBSM) as a calculating model, based on the theories of statistic method and the engineering economic for analysis evaluation with the concept of difference bidding combinations to low down the level of the risk and also objectively use the economic analysis of financial management and subjectively evaluate the utility function to analysis the best of the bidding price. Further, to find out the best choice for the contractor by cost-balancing oriented screening. Due to the economic environment variables (Costs shared equally, interest rates, return on investment and the rate of inflation), the duration variables, payment terms variables, the correlation coefficient between variables in the engineering case, the utility function variables and confidence intervals for variables change bound to affect the decision-making involved in the bid for the project, IBSM quickly assist to apply the lowest bid-cost ratio (the estimated lowest ratio of bid price and direct costs in bidding project, LBC) under effective markup and bidding probability by statistics and economic theory, considering to bid for new work and implementations in progress with no cost-lossing and cost-balancing probability in a series of bidding strategies and further estimate optimum markup scale (OMS) and then feedback calculate the cost of the project to bidding price to find out which one is the best choice for the contractor. However, the assessment process will require a lot of repetitive mathematics calculation and matrix data, to consider the application for popular use in future, Excel-VBA in Microsoft Window system is designed as module program to perform IBSM computing tasks in this study.
(依中英文、出版年份排序)
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