在資訊科技不斷進步的現在，供應鏈已被視為許多企業者整合的一個重要環節，以期降低供應鏈的總成本，提高生產效率作為目標。但面對現今供應鏈管理的興起，企業的成功不單單只在於企業自己本身，而是要同時考量整個供應鏈中的每個成員，所以我們必須將供應鏈彈性和製造彈性同時納入考量，在供應鏈彈性達到最大的情況下，使得製造商的製造彈性亦能達到最大化，以應付整個供應鏈體系中的各種變化。同時，彈性的提高相對的企業必須面對更多的不確定性，亦會使得總成本提高。因此也必須將成本納入考量，以達到彈性與成本均衡的情況。
本研究以四階層的供應鏈為例，由供應商將原物料運送到製造商，製造商進行生產，再由製造商將成品運送到配銷中心，配銷中心再將成品統一運送到顧客手中。本研究採用兩階段模式求解，期望在第一階段中，求解出總成本最小化及供應鏈彈性最大的目標，接著進行第二階段模式，找到最佳的製造彈性及製造成本，因為模式中所考量的目標並非單一目標，故必須採用多目標規劃來進行求解，並採用權重法，將不同的目標函數給予不同的權重值，使其轉為單目標，並利用LINGO軟體，以求得可行解，之後再由決策者依據所得的結果選擇可行的方案。同時透過進行模擬或實際資料驗證模式，並對模式中的各項參數，進行敏感度分析，以找出各參數對於模式的影響性，最後再提出可行的研究方向供後續研究者最為參考。

Supply chain management has been considered as an important method by many enterprises to decrease the total cost and to increase the production efficiency as the information technology is constantly improved. To adapt a flexible and an efficient supply-chain system, the flexibility and cost must be considered at the same time. In this way, the flexibility and cost could be optimized and compromised simultaneously.
In this research, a “four-echelon supply chain system” is used. And the suppliers transport the raw materials to the manufacturers, the finish goods is sent to the distribution centers, the distribution items are then transported to the consumers in the system. A “two-stage model” is used to find the optimal solutions for the system. In the first stage, we find the minimum total cost and the maximum supply chain flexibility. After finding the first’s stage solutions, we compute the optimal manufacturing flexibility and cost for the second stage. Because of the multiple objectives is considered, one may use the “weight method” to obtain the optimal solutions for flexibility and cost. The LINGO software provides the decision-makers to find feasible solutions and choose one or several solutions for them. We also adopt real data to verify the model and the sensitivity analysis is performed for the effect of each parameter.

中文文獻：
許志義，多目標決策，五南圖書出版公司，台北市，民國八十三年。
鄧振源，曾國雄，層級分析法（AHP）的內涵特性與應用（上），中國統計學報
第27卷，第六期，5-23，民國七十八年六月。
英文文獻：
Ballou, R.H., Gilbert, S.M., Mukherjee, A., New managerial challenges from supply chain opportunities. Industrial Marketing Management 29, 7-18, 2000.
Berry, D., Towill, D.R., Wadsley, N., Supply chain management in the electronics product industry. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. 24(10), 20-31, 1994.
Brown, J.W., Utterback, J.M., Uncertainty and technical communication pattern. Management Science 31(3), 301-311, 1985.
Cohon, J.L., Multiobjective Programming and Planning. Academic Press, New York, 1978.
Coleman, J.L., Bhattacharya, A.K., Brace, G., Supply chain reengineering: a supplier perspective. International Journal of Logistics Management 6(1), 85-92, 1995.
Croom, S., Romano, P., Giannakis, M., Supply chain management: an analytical framework for critical literature review. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management 9, 67-83, 2000.
Das, S.K., Malek, L.A., Modeling the flexibility of order quantities and lead-time in supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics 85(2), 171-181, 2003.
Duclos, L.K., Vokurka, R.J., Lummus, R.R., A conceptual model of supply chain flexibility. Industrial Management & Data System 103(6), 446-456, 2003.
Fawcett, S.E., Calantone, R., Smith S.R., An investigation of the impact of flexibility on global reach and firm perform. Journal of Business Logistics 17(2), 167-196, 1996.
Feng, D.Z., Yamashiro, M., Zhang L.B., Economic production quantity for supply chain system with volume flexibility. IEEE Conference Proceeding 29(1), 302-308, 2005.
Garavelli, A.C., Flexibility configurations for the supply chain management. International Journal of Production Economics 85(2), 141-153, 2003.
Gerwin, D., Manufacturing flexibility: a strategic perspective. Management Science 39(4), 395-410, 1993.
Goicoechea, A., Hansen D. R., Duckstein L., Multiobjective decision analysis with engineering and business application. Academic Press, New York, 1982.
Gupta, Y.P., Goyal, S., Flexibility of manufacturing systems: concepts and measurement. European Journal of Operation Research 43, 119-135, 1989.
Lambert, D.M., Cooper, M.C., Pagh, J.D., Supply chain management: implementation issues and research opportunities. International Journal of Logistics Management 9(2), 1-19, 1998.
Lee, H.L., Billington, C., Managing supply chain inventory: pitfalls and opportunities. Sloan Management Review 33(3), 65-73, 1992.
Min, H., Zhou, G., Supply chain modeling: past, present and future. Computers & Engineering 43, 231-249, 2002.
Mandelbaum, M., Brill, P.H., Example of measurement of flexibility and adaptivity in manufacturing systems. Journal of the Operational Research Society 40(6), 603-609, 1989.
Nydick, R.L., Hill, R.P., Using the analytic hierarchy process to structure the supplier selection procedure. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management 28(2), 31-36, 1992.
Peláez-Ibarrondo, J.J., Ruiz-Mercader J., Measuring operation flexibility. Proceedings of the Fourth SMESME International Conference 292-302, 2001.
Sabri, E.H., Beamon B.M., A multi-objective approach to simultaneous strategic and operational planning in supply chain design. Omega 28, 581-598, 2000.
Sethi, A.K., Sethi, S.A., Flexibility in manufacturing: a Survey. The International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing System 2, 289-328, 1990.
Saaty, T.L., Kevin, P.K., Analytical Planning: The Organization of Systems, Fourth ed. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, PA, 1980.
Tan, K. C., Kannan, V.R., Handfield, R.B., Supply chain management: supplier performance and firm performance. International Journal of Purchasing and Material Management 34(3), 2-9, 1998.
Tsourveloudis, N.C., Phillis, Y.A., Fuzzy assessment of machine flexibility. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 45(1), 78-87, 1978.
Upton, D.M., The management of manufacturing flexibility. Galifornia Management Review 36(2), 72-89, 1994.
Vickery, S., Calantone, R., Droge, D., Supply chain flexibility: an empirical study. Journal of Supply Chain Management 35(3), 16-24, 1999.
網站：
Supply Chain Council
（http://www.supply-chain.org/index.ww）
中華民國經濟部商業司
（http://www.moea.gov.tw/~meco/doc/ndoc/default_new.htm）