過去數十年來，由於老年人口的高度成長，造就了醫療科技的進步以及嬰兒潮的減緩。然而因為獨居老人的增加，醫療服務早已逐漸不敷使用，所以必須尋找一個新的公共醫療辦法來因應此問題。本篇論文設計出一套遠距看護系統，可用在居家看護中針對老年人的日常生活舉止與活動進行分析與追蹤。本系統藉由配置一個輕量型攝影感測器可以有效地即時定位老年人在家中的位置。透過無線感測網路，遠距的後端伺服器從攝影感測器接收到偵測座標後，會繪出老年人移動的軌跡然後辨識出相對應的行動內容。此外，遠距後端伺服器還負責將這些資訊轉換成可讀的個人檔案，包含個人移動習慣、異常警訊以及新陳代謝消耗計算等。因此，老年人口的家人或是看護可以不用全天候陪伴老年人，但仍舊可以使用此遠距看護系統達到居家看護的成效。

The past few decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the elderly population, as a result of advancements in medical science and the continuing aging of the baby boomers. As the size of the dwelling-alone elderly population increases, healthcare services are finding themselves increasingly unable to cope with the demand, and are therefore searching for new public health paradigms. This thesis develops a remote caring monitor, which can be used as a homecare system to track and analyze daily activities and behaviors of elderly individuals in their own homes. This monitor is equipped with lightweight camera sensors to effectively locate an individual inside the house in real time. Via a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), a remote back-end server receives the detected coordinate from the camera sensor, allowing it to draw moving trajectories and subsequently identify the corresponding activity. Moreover, this remote back-end server is in charge of translating that information to a readable personal profile, including moving habits observation, abnormalities warning, and metabolism expenditure evaluation. Thus, with this remote caring system, the family or caregiver would not need to stay and watch over the elderly all the time.

[1] Hong Sun, De Florio, V., Ning Gui and Blondia, C., "Towards Building Virtual Community for Ambient Assisted Living," 16th Euromicro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing, pp.556-561, Feb. 2008.
[2] “Eurostat”,http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
[3] Torbensen, R.,, "OHAS: Open home automation system," IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, pp.1-4, Apr. 2008 .
[4] Jianjun Chen, and Safar, Z., , "Indoor Surveillance with Multimodal Wireless Networks: Multi-Cycle Detection and Performance Analysis," Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, pp.1241-1246, Mar. 2007.
[5] Shao-Zhong Lv, Xiao-Ping Wang, and Li-Jie Zhang, , "Fast and robust video foreground segmentation for indoor surveillance," International Conference on Wireless Communications & Signal Processing, pp.1-4, Nov. 2009.
[6] Wan-Young Chung, Bhardwaj, S., Purwar, A., Dae-Seok Lee, and Myllylae, R., , "A Fusion Health Monitoring Using ECG and Accelerometer sensors for Elderly Persons at Home," 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp.3818-3821, Aug. 2007.
[7] Cong-Zhi Wang, and Yong-Ping Zheng, , "Home-Telecare of the elderly living alone using an new designed ear-wearable sensor," 5th International Summer School and Symposium on Medical Devices and Biosensors, pp.71-74, Jun. 2008.
[8] Ogawa, M., Suzuki, R., Otake, S., Izutsu, T., Iwaya, T., and Togawa, T., , "Long-term remote behavioral monitoring of the elderly using sensors installed in domestic houses," 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, Vol.3, pp. 1853- 1854, Oct. 2002.
[9] Barger, T.S., Brown, D.E., and Alwan, M., , "Health-status monitoring through analysis of behavioral patterns," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics , Vol.35, No.1, pp. 22- 27, Jan. 2005.
[10] Wang, Jing, An, Xueli, Prasad, R. Venkatesha, Niemegeers, and I.G.M.M., , "RF-OPT: A Range-Free Online Person Tracking System," Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, pp.1-5, Dec. 2006.
[11] Kelly, D., McLoone, S., Dishongh, T., McGrath, M., and Behan, J., , "Single access point location tracking for in-home health monitoring," 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication, pp.23-29, Mar. 2008.
[12] Leijdekkers, P., Gay, V., and Lawrence, E., , "Smart Homecare System for Health Tele-monitoring," First International Conference on the Digital Society, pp.3-3, Jan. 2007.
[13] Chung-Chih Lin, Ming-Jang Chiu, Chun-Chieh Hsiao, Ren-Guey Lee, and Yuh-Show Tsai, , "Wireless Health Care Service System for Elderly With Dementia," IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Vol.10, No.4, pp.696-704, Oct. 2006.
[14] Sangwan, R.S., Qiu, R.G., and Jessen, D., , "Using RFID tags for tracking patients, charts and medical equipment within an integrated health delivery network," Proceedings of the IEEE on Networking, Sensing and Control, pp. 1070- 1074, Mar. 2005.
[15] Yaw-Jen Lin, Mei-Ju Su, Sao-Jie Chen, Suh-Chin Wang, Chiu-I Lin, and Heng-Shuen Chen, , "A Study of Ubiquitous Monitor with RFID in an Elderly Nursing Home," International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, pp.336-340, Apr. 2007.
[16] Murakita, T., Ikeda, T., and Ishiguro, H., , "Human tracking using floor sensors based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo method," Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol.4, pp. 917- 920, Aug. 2004.
[17] Hashimoto, K., Morinaka, K., Yoshiike, N., Kawaguchi, C., and Matsueda, S., , "People count system using multi-sensing application," International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators, Vol.2, pp.1291-1294 ,Jun. 1997.
[18] Seon-Woo Lee, Yong-Joong Kim, Gi-Sup Lee, Byung-Ok Cho, and Nam-Ha Lee, , "A remote behavioral monitoring system for elders living alone," International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, pp.2725-2730, Oct. 2007.
[19] Honda, S., Fukui, K.-I., Moriyama, K., Kurihara, S., and Numao, M., , "Extracting Human Behaviors with Infrared Sensor Network," Fourth International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems, pp.122-125, Jun. 2007.
[20] Liyuan Li, Weimin Huang, Gu, I.Y.H., and Qi Tian, , "Foreground object detection in changing background based on color co-occurrence statistics," Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 269- 274, 2002.
[21] Kaiqi Huang, Shiquan Wang, Tieniu Tan, and Maybank, S.J.,, "Human Behavior Analysis Based on a New Motion Descriptor," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol.19, No.12, pp.1830-1840, Dec. 2009.
[22] Wei Guo, Dong-Liang Bi, and Lu Liu, , "Human motion tracking based on shape analysis," International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, Vol.3, pp.1288-1293, Nov. 2007.
[23] Teixeira, T., and Savvides, A., , "Lightweight People Counting and Localizing for Easily Deployable Indoors WSNs," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol.2, No.4, pp.493-502, Aug. 2008.
[24] Hengstler, S., Prashanth, D., Sufen Fong, and Aghajan, H., , "MeshEye: A Hybrid-Resolution Smart Camera Mote for Applications in Distributed Intelligent Surveillance," Sixth International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pp.360-369, Apr. 2007.
[25] Mohammad Rahimi,Rick Baer,Obimdinachi I. Iroezi, Juan C. Garcia,
Jay Warrior,Deborah Estrin,Mani Srivastava, “Cyclops: In Situ Image Sensing and Interpretation in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Nov. 2005.
[26] Wark, T., Corke, P., Karlsson, J., Sikka, P., and Valencia, P., , "Real-time Image Streaming over a Low-Bandwidth Wireless Camera Network," Third International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information, pp.113-118, Dec. 2007.
[27] Chen, P., Ahammad, P., Boyer, C., Shih-I Huang, Leon Lin, Lobaton, E., Meingast, M., Songhwai Oh, Wang, S., Posu Yan, Yang, A.Y., Chuohao Yeo, Lung-Chung Chang, Tygar, J.D., and Sastry, S.S., , "CITRIC: A low-bandwidth wireless camera network platform," Second ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras, pp.1-10, Sept. 2008.
[28] Zelinsky, A., , "Learning OpenCV---Computer Vision with the OpenCV Library (Bradski, G.R. et al., 2008)[On the Shelf]," IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, Vol.16, No.3, pp.100-100, Sept. 2009.
[29] Teixeira, T., Culurciello, E., Park, J.H., Lymberopoulos, D., Barton-Sweeney, A., and Savvides, A., , "Address-event imagers for sensor networks: evaluation and modeling," The Fifth International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pp.458-466, 2006.
[30] Culurciello, E., Savvides, A., and Andreou, A.G , "Address-event image sensor network," Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp.4 pp., 0-0 0, 2006.
[31] Hengstler, S., and Aghajan, H.,, "Application Development in Vision-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks," International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, pp.30-30, Oct. 2006.
[32] “Surveyor SRV-1” ,http://surveyor.com/
[33] “Blackfin processor” http://www.analog.com
[34] Rafael C. Gonezalez, and Richard E. Woods ,“Digital Image Processing Second Edition”, Prentice Hall, 2002.
[35] “CC2410DBK Demonstration Board User Manual”, http://www.ti.com
[36] “OmniVision OV9655 Datasheet”,
http://www.surveyor.com/blackfin/OV9655-datasheet.pdf
[37] Rowe, A., Goel, D., and Rajkumar, R., , "FireFly Mosaic: A Vision-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networking System," Twenty-eighth IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp.459-468, Dec. 2007.
[38] “Tiny Os Operating System” www.tinyos.net/